This study applied functional analysis methodology to nail biting exhibited by a 24-year-old female graduate student. Results from the brief functional analysis indicated variability in nail biting across assessment conditions. Functional analysis data were then used to guide treatment development and implementation. Treatment included a simplified habit reversal package that was modified based...

Sabre-like canines clearly have the potential to inflict grievous wounds leading to massive blood loss and rapid death. Hypotheses concerning sabretooth killing modes include attack to soft parts such as the belly or throat, where biting deep is essential to generate strikes reaching major blood vessels. Sabretoothed carnivorans are widely interpreted as hunters of larger and more powerful prey...

Nine species of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected biting humans indoors and outdoors in a malaria endemic village in northern Peninsular Malaysia. Outdoor biting was higher than that observed indoors. Biting of An. maculatus was observed throughout the night. Peak indoor biting occurred at 2130 h while outdoor biting was higher after midnight. Outdoor biting of Anopheles barbirostris and An. ...

This study compared the peak isometric strength of the cervical flexors in deep bite temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) patients while biting in four bite positions: habitual occlusion, edge-to-edge, lateral shift and retruded. These values were then compared to those of the same subjects' bite positions elevated to a functional criterion (maximum isometric strength of the deltoid muscles). Th...

Crib-biting is a form of oral stereotypy affecting 4–5% of horses. Once fixed, crib-biting is difficult to eliminate by behaviour therapy, however, its performance can be inhibited by collar or surgery treatment (modified Forssell’s procedure). Although surgical intervention is widespread, the effects on stress coping in horses have not been studied. In the present study we evaluated changes in...

The toxic effects of lead have been known for centuries. Occupational exposure to this chemical hazard has also been well documented in relation to various industry groups, including construction, where workers are recognized as being significantly exposed during refurbishment work, in particular through inhalation and ingestion of lead fumes and dust. It is easy to see how so-called 'burners',...

To conduct numerical simulations by finite element methods, we often need to generate a high quality mesh, yet with a smaller number of elements. Moreover, the size of each of the elements in the mesh should be approximately equal to a given size requirement. Li et al. recently proposed a new method, named biting, which combines the strengths of advancing front and sphere packing. It generates ...

Basic structural properties of tail-biting trellises are investigated. We start with rigorous definitions of various types of minimality for tail-biting trellises. We then show that biproper and/or nonmergeable tail-biting trellises are not necessarily minimal, even though every minimal tail-biting trellis is biproper. Next, we introduce the notion of linear (or group) trellises and prove, by e...

The evolution of the modern human (Homo sapiens) cranium is characterized by a reduction in the size of the feeding system, including reductions in the size of the facial skeleton, postcanine teeth, and the muscles involved in biting and chewing. The conventional view hypothesizes that gracilization of the human feeding system is related to a shift toward eating foods that were less mechanicall...

BACKGROUND Tail biting is a common and serious welfare problem in pig production, causing large economical losses. Tail docking is performed routinely in most EU countries to reduce the tail biting risk. However, tail docking is painful, and does not prevent tail biting totally. The risk factors behind tail docking are multifactorial and most analyses are based on studies using biological or ep...