Direct current (DC) was measured both in vivo and in vitro in cochlear implant electrodes with stimulation at moderate to high pulse rates in monopolar and bipolar modes. In vivo DC was approximately 2-3 times higher than that measured in vitro. In vivo DC levels were <100 nA even at very high rates, although DC levels increased as a function of stimulus rate and charge intensity. DC levels wer...

PURPOSE To compare the in vitro degree of vaporization in bipolar and monopolar resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using either a bipolar system or a monopolar system, samples of chicken muscle and lamb kidney were resected in an isolated basin and then desiccated in an incubator. The percentual degree of vaporization for each sample was obtained as a difference between the total fresh weight o...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of radio frequency ablation (RFA) on the dimensions of radio frequency coagulation necrosis in a rabbit lung using a wet electrode in monopolar mode with that in dual electrode bipolar mode at different infusion rates (15 mm/hr versus 30 ml/hr) and saline concentrations (0.9% normal versus 5.8% hypertonic saline). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty ablation zones (one...

PURPOSE We report initial ex vivo and in vivo studies using bipolar radiofrequency (RF) ablation of porcine kidneys. An internal ground electrode is positioned in the kidney opposite the RF electrode, resulting in ablation of all the intervening renal tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ex vivo preparations of 10 porcine kidneys were perfused continuously with Ringer's solution and treated with eit...

BACKGROUND Chronic lumbosacral radicular pain is a challenging medical problem with respect to therapeutic management. Many patients with lumbosacral radicular pain complain of persistent leg pain after transforaminal epidural steroid injection. Nowadays, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) stimulation on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is widely used for controlling lumbosacral radicular pain. METHOD...

19 Cortex–muscle coherence (CMC) reflects coupling between magnetoencephalography (MEG) 20 and surface electromyography (sEMG), being strongest during isometric contraction, but absent, 21 for unknown reasons, in some individuals. 22 We used a novel non-magnetic high-density sEMG (HD-sEMG) electrode grid (36 mm x 12 23 mm; 60 electrodes separated by 3 mm) to study effects of sEMG recording site...

Aim: Various technique and different instruments like endoscopic stapler, endoscopic clip, monopolar cautery, harmonic scalpel, and bipolar vessel sealer can be used in the dissection of appendix mesentery when performing laparoscopic appendectomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of using monopolar cautery and bipolar vascular sealing instruments in the dissection of mesentery ...

INTRODUCTION Transurethral resection (TUR) is the most common surgical technique for the diagnosis and initial treatment of bladder cancer. In this study, we evaluated two surgical techniques in terms of bladder injury due to obturator reflex in patients that underwent TUR for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS 93 patients who underwent TUR for bladder cancer wer...

This paper presents a novel sensing configuration for retinal physiology analysis, using two microelectrode arrays (MEAs). In order to investigate an optimized stimulation protocol for a sub-retinal prosthesis, retinal photoreceptor cells are stimulated, and the response of retinal ganglion cells is recorded in an in vitro environment. For photoreceptor cell stimulation, a polyimide-substrate M...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To report normative electromyography (EMG) data on the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) and to compare this to analogous data of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and vagus nerve (VN) during intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) using both the standard monopolar stimulator probe and a novel bipolar stimulator probe. STUDY DESIGN Prospective mul...