Introduction Conclusions References

The simulation and visualization of biological systems is expected to enhance our understanding of biological processes towards the development of effective therapeutic treatments. Biological systems are inherently stochastic at the molecular level, exhibit modified behavior under crowded conditions and may be affected by spatial locality. Common simulation approaches fail to account for these ...

When compared to photon beams, particle beams have distinct spatial distributions on the energy depositions in both the macroscopic and microscopic volumes. In a macroscopic volume, the absorbed dose distribution shows a rapid increase near the particle range, that is, Bragg peak, as particle penetrates deep inside the tissue. In a microscopic volume, individual particle deposits its energy alo...

Although particle filter and its variants like KPF and UPF achieve great success in many visual tracking applications, they depend on local proposal distributions and hence always fall flat in cases of global object shift and large-scale object movement. To address this issue, we present the concept of global proposal distribution for particle filter with the inspiration from biological vision ...

Introduction: Microdosimetry is a fundamental method that studies the nature of energy transfer in micron volumes in the particular biological cells. In a biological target, the amount of ionization does not indicate the magnitude of biological radiation-induced damage. However, the severity of biological harm depends strongly on the amount of the linear energy transfer along t...