This paper describes a methodology to explore the (future) spatial distribution of biofuel crops in Europe. Two main types of biofuel crops are distinguished: biofuel crops used for the production of biodiesel or bioethanol, and second-generation biofuel crops. A multiscale, multi-model approach is used in which biofuel crops are allocated over the period 2000–2030. The area of biofuel crops at...

nanotechnology has opened up new opportunities for the design of nanoscale electronic devices suitable for developing high-performance biofuel cells. glucose-based biofuel cells as green energy sources can be a powerful tool in the service of small-scale power source technology as it provides a latent potential to supply power for various implantable medical electronic devices. by using physiol...

Current biofuel production methods use engineered bacteria to break down cellulose and convert it to biofuel. A major challenge in microbial fuel production is that increasing biofuel yields can be limited by the toxicity of the biofuel to the organism that is producing it. Previous research has demonstrated that efflux pumps are effective at increasing tolerance to various biofuels. However, w...

Current biofuel production methods use engineered bacteria to break down cellulose and convert it to biofuel. However, this production is limited by the toxicity of the biofuel to the organism that is producing it. Therefore, to increase yields, microbial biofuel tolerance must be increased. Tolerant strains of bacteria use a wide range of mechanisms to counteract the detrimental effects of tox...

Depletion of petroleum derived fuel and environmental concern has promoted to look over the biofuel as an alternative fuel sources. But a complete substitution of petroleum derived fuels by biofuel is impossible from the production capacity and engine compatibility point of view. Yet, marginal replacement of diesel by biofuel can prolong the depletion of petroleum resources and abate the radica...

This paper presents a system of systems (SoS) Biofuel model considering the interdependency among the systems involved in biofuel development, including biofuel refinery location, transportation infrastructure, agricultural production and markets, environment, and social communities. The model provides the optimal infrastructure development and land-use allocation for biofuel production in a re...

The foremost questions debated in biofuel research reports and the press include 1) what impact will expansion of biofuel have on shortand intermediate-term food prices and security? 2) How will agriculture expand shortand intermediate-term output in response to increased shortand intermediate-term demand for food and feedstock, and 3) What will expanded biofuel production cost? Yet, there has ...

The rapidly growing biofuel industry poses considerable challenges to its supply chain network design and operations. In this chapter, we introduce key characteristics of the biofuel supply chain that comprises of feedstock production, biomass logistics, biofuel production and distribution. We then discuss the recent literature on biofuel supply chain models. Using an illustrative biofuel suppl...

The aim of the thesis is to describe how the minimum biofuel requirement affects the monopolistic oil markets. This is an increasingly important questions, because the governments are smoothing the biofuel’s way into the fuel markets for both the economical and environmental reasons. The focus in this thesis is mainly on the minimum biofuel requirement, but at times that policy is compared also...