With the advent of nanobiotechnology, there will be an increase in the interaction between engineered nanomaterials and biomolecules. Nanoconjugates with cells, organelles, and intracellular structures containing DNA, RNA, and proteins establish sequences of nano-bio boundaries that depend on several intricate complex biophysicochemical reactions. Given the complexity of these interactions, and...

Pyrolysis of palm kernel shell in a fixed-bed reactor was studied in this paper. The objectives were to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and particle size on the products yield and to characterize the bio-oil product. In order to get the optimum pyrolysis parameters on bio-oil yield, temperatures of 350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 °C and particle sizes of 212–300 μm, 300–600 μm, 600μm...

The present study deals with the assessment of antimicrobial activity (antibacterial, antifungal and antiyeast) of bio-oil from Pongamia glabra, Mesua ferrea and Parachlorella spp deoiled cake. The bio-oil from the respective deoiled cakes were obtained via the process of pyrolysis (ambient to 500°C at a heating rate of 40°C/min) in a vertical tubular fixed bed reactor in nitrogen atmosphere. B...

Pretreatment of corncobs using torrefaction was conducted in an auger reactor at 250-300 °C and residence times of 10-60 min. The torrefied corncobs were fast pyrolyzed in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor at 470 °C to obtain high-quality bio-oil. The heating value and pH of the bio-oil improved when the torrefaction as pretreatment was applied; however, increasing bio-oil yield penalties were o...

In this paper, BiOI@(BiO)2CO3 facet coupling heterostructures were synthesized via exfoliation and ion exchange, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and valence-band XPS s...

The ever-improving time and space resolution and molecular detection sensitivity of fluorescence microscopy offer unique opportunities to deepen our insights into the function of chemical and biological catalysts. Because single-molecule microscopy allows for counting the turnover events one by one, one can map the distribution of the catalytic activities of different sites in solid heterogeneo...

A novel sensor for in situ monitoring of the body reaction to implants has been developed. A piezoelectric wafer active sensor was adapted for biomedical applications (bio-PWAS). A number of bio-PWAS sensors have been implanted in rats and left in place up to 64 days. The bio-PWAS were able to oscillate in several resonance modes, radial-wise (in-plane) and thickness-wise (out-of-plane). The el...

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) synthesized by an implicitly environmentally benign process using Acanthospermum hispidum L. aqueous plant extract as an effective bio-oxidizing/bio-reducing agent. Phytochemical screening of the fresh aqueous leaves extract showed the presence of coumarins, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, sterols and volatile oils. Fourier transform infrared spectro...

there is a new technique to measure total body water named bio-electrical impedance analysis (bia), used in healthy subjects and patients. bia determines the total body water (tbw), fat-free mass (ffm), body cell mass (bcm), extra cellular water (ecw), and intra cellular water (icw) in subjects without significant fluid and electrolyte imbalance. there are several methods such as segmental bia,...