The resistance of bacterial biofilms to physical and chemical agents is attributed in the literature to various interconnected processes. The limitation of mass transfer alters the growth rate, and physiological changes in the bacteria in the film also appear. The present work describes an approach to determination of the mechanisms involved in the resistance of bacteria to quaternary ammonium ...

(a) bactericidal and fungicidal, (b) compatible with most chemicals used in ophthalmic preparations, (c) non-irritating and non-sensitizing. The most commonly accepted preservative is the mixture of methyl and propylhydroxybenzoates used in the " Solution for Eye-Drops" of the British Pharmaceutical Codex. These hydroxybenzoates, being relatively efficient fungicides, will keep the solutions fr...

A series of novel quaternary ammonium 4-deoxypyridoxine derivatives was synthesized. Two compounds demonstrated excellent activity against a panel of Gram-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains with MICs in the range of 0.5-2 μg/mL, exceeding the activity of miramistin. At the same time, both compounds were inactive against the Gram-negative E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains. Cytotoxi...

There is a growing concern by regulatory authorities for the selection of antibiotic resistance caused by the use of biocidal products. We aimed to complete the detailed information on large surveys by investigating the relationship between biocide and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of a large number of Staphylococcus aureus isolates using four biocides and antibiotics commonly used in clin...

This study investigated the accumulation and phytotoxicity of two commercial biocides widely used for removal biological colonization from monuments, namely Biotin T® (3%) Preventol RI80® (2%), on lichen moss model species, specifically, Evernia prunastri Brachythecium sp. The active compounds, benzalkonium chloride (BAC) RI80 isothiazolinone (OIT) T, were accumulated in similar amounts both sp...

Salmonella serovars sampled from meat products in Southern Spain (Andalucía) during the period 2002-2007 were analyzed in this study. The serovars most frequently detected (in order) were Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Derby, Anatum and Rissen. Isolates (n = 43) were tested for sensitivity to biocides, including the quaternary ammonium compounds benzalkonium chloride (BC), cetrimide (CT) and hexadec...

Biocides are used without restriction for several purposes. As a consequence, large amounts of biocides are released without any control in the environment, a situation that can challenge the microbial population dynamics, including selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Previous work has shown that triclosan selects Stenotrophomonas maltophilia antibiotic resistant mutants overexpressing ...

Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer in Near- and Middle East. The fractions constituents ethanol extract S. were screened vitro cytotoxic activities on Jurkat (acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia), HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (mammary gland Caco-2 (human colorectal MDA-MB-231 adenocarcinoma) cell lines u...