aim and background: meta-cognitive therapy is based on the principle that meta-cognitive is very important for understanding the way of cognition function and the way of producing our conscious experience about ourselves and the world around us. in this research it has been tried to study the effectiveness of this kind of treatment in improving depression patients. methods and materials: this c...

objective: the aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between metacognition and obsessive beliefs, and procrastination. methods: 285 students of tabriz and mohaghegh ardabili universities, iran, were selected by random sampling, and completed the metacognition (mcq-30) questionnaire, obsessive beliefs questionnaire (obq-44), and general procrastination scale. the research m...

Abstract Speaking with conversational AIs, technologies whose interfaces enable human-like interaction based on natural language, has become a common phenomenon. During these interactions, people form their beliefs due to the say-so of AIs. In this paper, I consider, and then reject, concepts testimony-based instrument-based as suitable for analysis acquired from technologies. argue that concep...

This paper presents a philosophical analysis of three cognitive states familiar and important to psychoanalysts--phantasy, neurotic-belief, and belief-proper. It explores the differences among these three propositional attitudes and finds that the development of secondary process capacities of reality testing and truth directness out of earlier primary process operations (themselves prior to co...

background: to determine the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of women above 45 years old. methods: a total of 770 households in kerman (southern iran) were selected for inclusion in the study using cluster sam pling from april through august 2005. the interview schedule consisted of 4 parts including questions about knowledge, atti tude and practice (kap) and also demographic questi...

On the basis of impossibility results on probability, belief revision, and conditionals, it is argued that conditional beliefs differ from beliefs in conditionals qua mental states. Once this is established, it will be pointed out in which sense conditional beliefs are still conditional, even though they may lack conditional contents, and why it is permissible to still regard them as beliefs, a...