background: in this study the haemolymph components of infected and none infected lymnaea gedrosiana with xiphidiocercaria larvae was compared. methods: five hundred fifty lymnaea snails were collected from ilam and mazandaran prov­inces, iran, during 2008-2009. the snails were transported to the lab at tehran university of medi­cal sciences and their cercarial sheddings were studied. haemolmyp...

Previous studies have shown that exposing young worker bees (Apis mellifera) to queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) reduces their aversive learning performance, while enhancing their attraction to QMP. As QMP has been found to reduce the rate of juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis in worker bees, we examined whether aversive learning in 2-day old workers exposed to QMP from the time of adult emergence...

Honeybee populations are severely threatened by parasites and diseases. Recent outbreaks of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) has caused loss of more than 35% of bee colonies in the USA, and this is thought to at least in part be due to parasites and/or disease. Interestingly, the honeybee possesses of a limited set of immune genes compared to other insects. Non-canonical immune genes of honeybee ...

Changes in the levels of haemolymph metal ions of two binoltine races of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (NB4D2 and CSR2) and the multivoltine race (Pure Mysore ) was studied at different stages of larval and pupal development. The haemolymph metal ions showed significant changes during different stages of larval development like moult, post-moult, feeding and spinning and pupal stages like pre-pupa,...

Varroa mite infestation was first detected in Iraq in the mid 1980s (Food and Agriculture Organization). High level of the infestation was found in all apiaries of Dohuk region and may act as a risk factor to the bee health. The mite V. destructor feeds on the haemolymph of the developing and adult bees. The structures that may be directly affected by Varroa mite infestation are the bee glands....

The relationships between PCO2 and pH were determined in cell-free undiluted haemolymph of the arachnids Eurypelma californicum, Pandinus imperator and Cupiennius salei. The pH/bicarbonate diagrams and the CO2 equilibrium curves were calculated, using the Henderson­Hasselbalch equation, for haemolymph sampled at rest and during recovery from exercise. The calculations of solubility (alphaCO...

Low temperature causes loss of neuromuscular function in a wide range of insects, such that the animals enter a state known as chill coma. The ability to recover from chill coma (chill coma recovery time) is often a popular phenotype to characterise chill tolerance in insects. Chill coma in insects has been shown to be associated with a decrease in haemolymph volume and a marked increase in [K(...

In the present study effects of both injections of serotonin and dopamine on haemolymph glucose, total carbohydrates, glycogen and phosphorylase activity in different tissues of intact and eyestalk ablated M.rosenbergii. The haemolymph glucose levels was increased dose dependent in between 10 and 10 mole/prawn after injection of serotonin and dopamine. While the dose 10 mole/prawn induced peak ...

oral supplementation with 50, 100 and 150 ?g/ml calcium chloride to the fifth stadium larvae of csr2xcsr4 biovoltine hybrid silkworm, b. mori on fat body glycogen, protein, and total lipids and haemolymph trehalose and protein have been studied. one of the four normal feeds per day was substituted with treated leaves fed to silkworms at fifth instar larvae. the controls were fed with the leaves...