introduction:deep fat frying is a cooking method where oil is used as the heat transfer medium, in direct contact with food at a temperature above boiling point of water. the aim of this process is to combine short cooking times with unique characteristics. it also involves heat and mass transfer simultaneously. during frying time, the mass transfer is characterized by the dynamics moisture los...

introduction: batter coating is a new technology to reduce fat content of fried foods. the ingredients and flowproperties of batter are the most important parameters to determine the performance of batter coating and quality of the final product. among batter additives, proteins can be used as an important and effective component, because of their emulsifying properties, water absorption, and b...

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of meat batters prepared with fresh pork meat, back fat, water, and salt and formulated with three different amounts (5%, 10%, and 15%) of silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) powder and transglutaminase (TG). Meat batters formulated with silkworm pupae powder showed significantly higher contents of protein and ash than control batt...

Major League Baseball uses statistics to determine awards every season. The batting champion is given to the player with the highest batting average. The Cy Young Award is given to the top pitcher which is determined by many different statistics including earned run average (ERA). Batting average and ERA have been used for many years and are major statistics in baseball. Neither batting average...

Sugar has multiple roles in baked products; competing for water and as such reducing starch gelatinisation gluten development, behaving a fluid during cooking, recrystallising on cooling; which influence properties aeration, texture mouthfeel. Partial replacement with inulin, can provide beneficial nutritional functional properties. This paper investigated the degree of polymerisation (DP) two ...

Many offshore structures are subjected to overturning moments due to wind load, wave pressure, and ship impacts. Also most of retaining walls are subjected to horizontal forces and bending moments, these forces are due to earth pressure. For foundations in such structures, usually a combination of vertical and batter piles is used. Little information is available in the literature about estimat...

C-trim30, a new beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloid containing 32%beta-glucan, was obtained by steam jet-cooking and fractionating oat bran concentrates. It was then incorporated into batter formulations to investigate the rheological effects of C-trim30, which were correlated with batter attributes. In steady shear measurements, the use of C-trim30 led to the increase in batter viscosity, while it d...

The interaction of plasma with liquid generates nitrogen species including nitrite (NO(-) 2). Therefore, the color developing capacity of plasma-treated water (PTW) as a nitrite source for meat curing was investigated in this study. PTW, which is generated by surface dielectric barrier discharge in air, and the increase of plasma treatment time resulted in increase of nitrite concentration in P...

This paper was prepared to facilitate an informed group discussion about the efficacy of batter intervention programs (BIPs). As it would become obvious from the structure of the paper, I am of the opinion that BIPs should be viewed as part of a broader systemic response designed to curb and eliminate men’s use of violence against their female partners. With this in mind, I review data from stu...