A person’s identity is the way she is perceived by herself (personal identity) and by others (social identity). For example, “I am a believer in doctrine x”, “I am racially/morally superior”, “I will be hailed as a martyr.” Forms of identity such as these can be valued per se. In their seminal work on the subject, Akerlof and Kranton (2000, 2010) develop a framework for analyzing the role of id...

1 Research and theory in the fields of organizational behavior and human resource management have been focused for decades by the view that jobs are the basic building blocks of complex organizations. The idea that individuals have a job which involves specific accountabilities, responsibilities, and activities is well-established and fundamental to much of the research in organizational behavi...