چکیده اکراه به عنوان یکی از موانع ایجاد مسئولیت کیفری از مباحث بسیار مهم و بح ثبرانگیز در حقوق داخلی و بین المللی میباشد. البته آنچه که موضوع اختلاف در سیست مهای مختلف حقوقی نوشته و کامن لا است اکراه در جنایات منتهی به قتل انسان ب یگناه است. در سیستم حقوق نوشته اکراه را در این جنایات با رعایت شرایط سخت اکراه مورد پذیرش قرار داده و آن را مانع ایجاد مسئولیت کیفری م یدانند. اما در سیستم کامن لا اک...

Protecting nature and preserving its health is emphasized by different religions and human mind. Enjoying a healthy environment is a fundamental human right. Any damage to the environment requires compensation of damages incurred, which is within the scope of civil liability. The key question here is what is the nature of civil liability for environmental damage? How does choosing the right nat...

This study shows the effect of risk of pharmaceutical manufacturers' responsibility on the prices of medicines in the legal system in Iran, England and United State of America. By examining the type and responsibility of pharmaceutical manufacturers in these three legal systems, we concluded that in the legal system of the United State of America, acceptance of strict liability, private phar...

  One of the important issues which are discussed by the law today is the civil liability of Physicians, something which was silence in the civil code and civil liability code of n1339 (1960), however the Islamic penal code has predicted some regulations for it. The civil liability of Physicians in the comparative law is principally based on the theory of fault. That is, a Physician is found to...

One of the new technologies of genetic science is pre-natal diagnostic tests to prevent the birth of children with congenital malformations. Physicians and genetic counselors as real person and laboratories and medical centers as legal person in the negligeecs in the case of patients will be laibel. What is important about the physician's liability and health centers due to a negligence in pren...