In this paper will be reported the study and implementation of a single stage High Power Factor (HPF) electronic ballast for High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps using a LCC filter. In the recent years many authors are working to obtain single stage HPF electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps [1][2]. Normally to obtain HPF in electronic ballast for high pressure sodium lamps a Power Factor Preregu...

An improved topology of a voltage-fed quasi-resonant soft switching LCrCdc series-parallel half bridge inverter with a constant-frequency for electronic ballast applications is proposed in this paper. This new topology introduces a low-cost solution to reduce switching losses and circuit rating to achieve high-efficiency ballast. Switching losses effect on ballast efficiency is discussed throug...

In this paper will be reported the study and implementation of a single stage High Power Factor (HPF) electronic ballast for High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps using a Half-Bridge Boost Rectifier integrated with an Electronic Ballast based in a LCC filter. In the recent years many authors are working to obtain single stage HPF electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps [1-3]. Normally to obtain HPF...

An improved topology of a voltage-fed quasi-resonant soft switching LCrCdc series-parallel half bridge inverter with a constant-frequency for electronic ballast applications is proposed in this paper. This new topology introduces a low-cost solution to reduce switching losses and circuit rating to achieve high-efficiency ballast. Switching losses effect on ballast efficiency is discussed throug...

This paper presents findings of a railroad ballast Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) research study focused on investigating ballast settlement under repeated wheel loading. In this approach, the ballast layer is modeled as an assembly of aggregate particles, AREMA No. 24 ballast gradation with different shapes and angularities and rough surface textures. The study matrix considered three differe...

An improved topology of a voltage-fed quasi-resonant soft switching LCrCdc series-parallel half bridge inverter with a constant-frequency for electronic ballast applications is proposed in this paper. This new topology introduces a low-cost solution to reduce switching losses and circuit rating to achieve high-efficiency ballast. Switching losses effect on ballast efficiency is discussed throug...

Zooplankton populations are spatially heterogeneous in nature and inside ship ballast tanks. Sampling methods should take heterogeneity into account, particularly when estimating quantitative variables such as abundance or concentration. It is particularly important to generate unbiased estimates of zooplankton concentration in ballast water when assessing compliance with new international ball...

Fluorescence by naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (FDOM) is a sensitive indicator of ballast water source, with high FDOM in coastal ballast water decreasing typically dramatically when replaced by oceanic seawater during ballast water exchange (BWE). In this study, FDOM was measured in 92 ships arriving at Pacific ports on the US west coast and in New Zealand, and used to assess the...

Ballast water discharges are a major source of species introductions into marine and estuarine ecosystems. To mitigate the introduction of new invaders into these ecosystems, many agencies are proposing standards that establish upper concentration limits for organisms in ballast discharge. Ideally, ballast discharge standards will be biologically defensible and adequately protective of the mari...

Non-native aquatic species can be introduced in new areas through emptying of the ballast tanks, with a high impact on health, economy and environment. This is considered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO): (i) in 2004, the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BMW Convention) in orde...