Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and are highly toxic to amphibians. They deactivate cholinesterase, resulting in neurological dysfunction. Most chemicals in this group require oxidative desulfuration to achieve their greatest cholinesterase-inhibiting potencies. Oxon derivatives are formed within liver cells but also by bacterial decay of parental pesticides....

The interest in bacterial biocontrol agents as biosustainable alternatives to pesticides increase crop yields has grown. To date, we have a broad knowledge of antimicrobial compounds, such DAPG, produced by bacteria growing the rhizosphere surrounding plant roots.

Pesticides have a pervasive presence in aquatic ecosystems throughout the world. While pesticides are intended to control fungi, insects, and other pests, their mechanisms of action are often not specific enough to prevent unintended effects, such as on non-target microbial populations. Microorganisms, including algae and cyanobacteria, protozoa, aquatic fungi, and bacteria, form the basis of m...

Orgnophosphorus pesticides (OP) were first developed in Germany by Schrader in 1930 during World War II in the form of tetraethyl pyrophosphate as a byproduct of nerve gas production (Dragun et al., 1984).Various groups of pesticide are used world over, but OP insecticides are most widely used in agriculture field for protecting the crops which are harmed due to attack of insects, bacterial, vi...

Pesticide effects on microbial community structure and activity in soil are reviewed, showing that methodological developments within the past few years have generated new possibilities for assessing pesticide effects. The first example is the use of mRNA quantification showing that nitrification processes are indeed very susceptible to some pesticides, and that there is correlation between the...

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides poison more than 3,000,000 people every year in the developing world, mostly through intentional self-poisoning. Advances in medical therapy for OP poisoning have lagged, and current treatment is not highly effective with mortality of up to 40% in even the most advanced Western medical facilities. Administration of a broadly active bacterial OP hydrolase to pati...

Biological parameters were followed in soils from a cotton farm (Tatui) where the recommended pesticides have been used for years, and from an experimental field (São Paulo) which was subdivided in two areas: one received the recommended pesticides and the other was maintained untreated. The soil bioactivities monitored from 1995 to 1998, after different pesticide applications, were: basal and ...

The Seraton Farmer Group is a group of mineral farmers in Tonasa Village, Sanrobone District, Takalar Regency. Located 44-45 KM from Makassar City, with an area ??384 KM2. village has topographic characteristics as lowland surrounded by plantations such rice, corn, chili, and others, average air temperature during the day between 35°C at night 20° - 25°C. processes natural ingredients into liqu...