Duration Calculus (DC) is a real-time logic with measurement of duration of propositions in observation intervals. It is a highly expressive logic with continuous time behaviours (also called signals) as its models. Validity checking of DC is undecidable. We propose a method for validity checking of Duration Calculus by reduction to a sampled time version of this logic called well sampled Inter...

We generate space-time coupled attosecond pulse trains with a 1.8 μm wavelength laser pulse using the ‘attosecond lighthouse’ technique. We show low divergence, spatially well-separated beamlets from low ionization potential gas media. We also find that there is little long trajectory contribution—only the short trajectory contribution is clearly visible for any beamlet. These results open a ne...

This work describes a cryogenic, electro-optically -switched Yb:YAG laser that generates 114-W average TEM power with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency. Pulse repetition frequency is 5 kHz, pulse duration is 16 ns full-width at half-maximum, and is less than 1.05.

This work describes a cryogenic, electro-optically -switched Yb:YAG laser that generates 114-W average TEM power with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency. Pulse repetition frequency is 5 kHz, pulse duration is 16 ns full-width at half-maximum, and is less than 1.05.

This work describes a cryogenic, electro-optically -switched Yb:YAG laser that generates 114-W average TEM power with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency. Pulse repetition frequency is 5 kHz, pulse duration is 16 ns full-width at half-maximum, and is less than 1.05.

We propose a new method for creating an optimal coherence in a two-level system (TLS) based on adiabatic following. Optimal coherence is achieved by choosing the time-dependent phase of the pulse that provides vanishing field-TLS detuning dðtÞ at central time when the pulse amplitude reaches maximum. For example, dðtÞ 1⁄4 d0ð1 expððt t0Þ=s0ÞÞ for t 6 t0 and d 1⁄4 0 for t > t0. The pulse envelop...

There are various types of lasers available for hair reduction, but the choice of an ideal laser for ethnic skin has its own limitations. The choice of the right laser for the right skin type is very important. Before starting with the laser therapy, it is important to assess the skin type, the fluence, the pulse duration and the type of laser to be used.