We train a neural machine translation (NMT) system to both translate sourcelanguage text and copy target-language text, thereby exploiting monolingual corpora in the target language. Specifically, we create a bitext from the monolingual text in the target language so that each source sentence is identical to the target sentence. This copied data is then mixed with the parallel corpus and the NM...

ound-trip translation (RTT), otherwise known as reverse translation or back-and-forth translation, involves the translation of text from one language to another (the forward translation or FT) and back again (the back translation or BT), e.g., a paragraph written in English can be translated to Spanish, and then, the resulting Spanish text can be translated back to English again. RTT has been u...

We describe a method which uses one or more intermediary languages in order to automatically generate translation dictionaries. Such a method could potentially be used to efficiently create translation dictionaries for language groups which have as yet had little interaction. For any given word in the source language, our method involves first translating into the intermediary language(s), then...

the aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the persian version of sport perfectionism scale of dun et al. (2006). to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire, 393 (230 male and 163 female) athletes with different skill levels (novice, non-elite and elite) in 10 team and individual sports were selected by random sampling method and then completed the ques...

background:considering the limitation of reports on the translation of research questionnaires, the present study aims to clarify the necessity of correctly conducting the translation process. therefore, it deals with describing the process and the required stages for the cultural adaptation of research instruments in an operational style. consequently, it may provide a platform for researchers...

Plagiarism which is defined as “the wrongful appropriation of other writers’ or authors’ works and ideas without citing or informing them” poses a major challenge to knowledge spread publication. Plagiarism has been placed in four categories of direct, paraphrasing (rewriting), translation, and combinatory. This paper addresses translational plagiarism which is sometimes referred to as cross-li...