Bacitracin is a peptide antibiotic nonribosomally produced by Bacillus licheniformis. The bcrABC genes which confer bacitracin resistance to the bacitracin producer encode ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, which are hypothesized to pump out bacitracin from the cells. Bacillus subtilis 168, which has no bacitracin synthesizing operon, has several genes homologous to bcrABC. It was...

The purpose of the current study was intended to obtain the enhanced production of bacitracin by Bacillus licheniformis through random mutagenesis and optimization of various parameters. Several isolates of Bacillus licheniformis were isolated from local habitat and isolate designated as GP-35 produced maximum bacitracin production (14±0.72 IU ml(-1)). Bacitracin production of Bacillus lichenif...

Streptococcus mutans is a bacterial cause of dental caries that is resistant to bacitracin. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mbrABCD-related bacitracin resistance mechanism of S. mutans. Transcriptome data demonstrated that the expression levels of 33 genes were induced more than twofold by bacitracin. Fourteen genes were selected from the upregulated genes, and defective mutants of t...

Streptococcus mutans is resistant to bacitracin, which is a peptide antibiotic produced by certain species of Bacillus. The purpose of this study was to clarify the bacitracin resistance mechanism of S. mutans. We cloned and sequenced two S. mutans loci that are involved in bacitracin resistance. The rgp locus, which is located downstream from rmlD, contains six rgp genes (rgpA to rgpF) that ar...

Bacitracin is a nephrotoxic antibiotic that has recently been shown to induce contractile effects in aortas isolated from rabbits by stimulating receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The possible renovascular actions of this antibiotic were investigated. Bacitracin USP increased the vascular resistance in a concentration-dependent manner (9 to 175 micrograms/ml) in rat kidneys perfused with...

The present study is focused on the improvement of Bacillus licheniformis through random mutagenesis to obtain mutant having enhanced production of bacitracin. Many isolates of Bacillus licheniformis were isolated and the isolate GP-40 produced maximum bacitracin production (16±0.72 IU/mL). Treatment of Bacillus licheniformis GP-40 with ultraviolet (UV) radiations increased bacitracin productio...

11 Anaphylaxis after Topical Application of Bacitracin: A Case Report Mona Al-Ahmad, Sean Mace, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Introduction: We present a case of anaphylaxis following repeated application of bacitracin. Method: A case report of a twenty-three year old woman with no prior allergic history who underwent body piercing of the navel. A low grade local infection developed at the ...

Bacitracin is a proteolytic inhibitor which interacts with the intracellular processing of insulin. Its effects on pyruvate, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism were examined in rat hepatocyte suspensions. Bacitracin (0.25-1.0 mM) increased the oxidation of [1-14C]pyruvate by 50-70% and presumably therefore increased the flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase. This was found both in the presence ...

BACKGROUND Two-component signal transduction systems are one means of bacteria to respond to external stimuli. The LiaFSR two-component system of Bacillus subtilis consists of a regular two-component system LiaRS comprising the core Histidine Kinase (HK) LiaS and the Response Regulator (RR) LiaR and additionally the accessory protein LiaF, which acts as a negative regulator of LiaRS-dependent s...

Bacitracin Bacitracin has been shown to inhibit both the reductive and the oxidative functions of the protein PDI. Although the mechanism(s) of inhibition is unknown, bacitracin has been shown to inhibit the intrinsic disulfide isomerase activity of integrin αIIb β3 (O'Neill et al., 2000; Robinson et al., 2006) and fibronectin (Weston et al., 2001), proteins not related to the PDI family, but c...