We report an interesting case of a man with a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with left azygos vein who underwent electrophysiological evaluation. Further evaluation revealed congenital dilated azygos vein, while a segment connecting the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the hepatic vein and right atrium was missing. The azygos vein drained into the superior vena cava, and the hepatic vein...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe six cases of migrating azygos vein and to explain the etiologic factors that contribute to the migration. Six patients with migrating azygos vein were studied by MDCT before and after migration. Five patients had right pneumothorax. All patients had repeated episodes of cough, vomiting, and a short mesoazygos. CONCLUSION Pneumothorax, increa...

Dilatation of the azygos-hemiazygos venous system presenting as paravertebral masses may be seen in intrahepatic and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, anomalous pulmonary venous return, occlusion of the superior and inferior vena cava, persistence of the left superior vena cava, hepatic vein obstruction, elevation of central venous pressure as in congestive heart failure, pericardial effusi...

We describe an unusual case in which an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator failed to defibrillate the patient during testing at implant; rather, an adequate safety margin was achieved only after introduction of a shocking coil into the azygos vein. The azygos vein is an attractive extracardiac target for placement of a shocking coil, as it provides an ideal shock vector. Tools designed for ...

We describe a rare case of cyanosis following the Fontan operation with right-to-left shunting at the venous level, that is, an azygos venous to pulmonary venous connection. Few cases with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to azygos vein have been reported; however, there have been no reports describing the connection from azygos vein to pulmonary vein, which results in desaturation...

INTRODUCTION The posterior thoracic wall, an area drained by the azygos venous system, is a common site for surgical intervention. Since the venous part of the cardiovascular system is subject to most common variation, abnormalities in the azygos venous system are often reported. CASE PRESENTATION During routine dissection classes for undergraduate medical students, we encountered a variation...

Blood samples from the superior vena cava (SVC) are usually considered an acceptable representation of mixed systemic venous return in identifying and quantifying left-to-right atrial shunts. However, if during sampling from the SVC unrecognized entrance of the catheter into the azygos vein takes place, diagnostic errors may result. Blood samples from the azygos vein were collected from 60 chil...

1 of 2 DESCRIPTION A 38-year-old male admitted to the hospital with chest pain for few days. He does not have any signifi cant medical and surgical problems. Physical examination, lab work, imaging studies and exercise cardiolite stress were normal. Eventually, we concluded that this chest pain was most likely secondary to musculoskeletal origin. We found azygos lob incidentally on chest x-ray ...

The azygos venous system represents an accessory venous pathway supplying an important collateral circulation between the superior and inferior vena cava. The aim of this article is to revise the wide spectrum of changes ranging from normal to pathological conditions involving the azygos system. Teaching points • The azygos vein is a collateral venous pathway, becoming a vital shunt if major pa...

A Septic embolism is a type of embolism infected with bacteria containing pus. These may become dangerous if dislodged from their original location. Embolisms of this type in the azygos vein are potentially fatal. The diagnosis of septic azygos vein embolism is difficult, so rapid diagnosis and treatment is important to avoid complications. Generally, treatment is enough for appropriate antibio...