S U M M A R Y It is well established that the Earth’s uppermost mantle is anisotropic, but there are no clear observations of anisotropy in the deeper parts of the mantle. Surface waves are well suited to observe anisotropy since they carry information about both radial and azimuthal anisotropy. Fundamental mode surface waves, for commonly used periods up to 200 s, are sensitive to structure in...

We measured the first azimuthal distributions of triple–differential cross sections of neutrons emitted in heavy-ion collisions, and compared their maximum azimuthal anisotropy ratios with Boltzmann–Uehling–Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations with a momentum-dependent interaction. The BUU calculations agree with the tripleand double-differential cross sections for positive rapidity neutrons emitted at...

We present a calculation of elliptic flow and azimuthal dependence of the correlation radii in the ellipsoidally symmetric generalization of the Buda-Lund model. Elliptic flow is shown to only depend on flow anisotropy while in case of correlation radii both flow and space anisotropy play an important role in determining their azimuthal oscillation. We also outline a simple procedure for determ...

[1] The lowermost mantle beneath Central America has anisotropic seismic velocity structure manifested in shear wave splitting of signals from South American earthquakes recorded at North American broadband recording stations. Prior studies of deep mantle anisotropy in this region have characterized the structure as having vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), which is sufficient to explain a gen...

[1] Net rotation (NR) of the lithosphere is found in hot spot reference frames, important for tectonics and plume models, but difficult to constrain. Using mantle flow and crystallographic texture modeling, I show that NRs lead to mantle shearing which is recorded in azimuthal seismic anisotropy. The NR amplitude in some hot spot models is so large that it degrades the model fit to anisotropy s...

We use the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model with a momentum-dependent nuclear mean field to simulate the dynamical evolution of heavy ion collisions. We reexamine the azimuthal anisotropy observable, proposed as sensitive to the equation of state of nuclear matter. We obtain that this sensitivity is maximal when the azimuthal anisotropy is calculated for nuclear composite fragments, in agreeme...

We present a calculation of the elliptic flow and azimuthal dependence of the correlation radii in the ellipsoidally symmetric generalization of the Buda-Lund model. The elliptic flow is shown to depend only on the flow anisotropy while in case of correlation radii both flow and space anisotropy play an important role in determining their azimuthal oscillation. We also outline a simple procedur...

A method is suggested to deduce the anisotropy in neutral pions by measuring the azimuthal anisotropy of photons in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. The ratio of the estimated anisotropy in photons to the anisotropy in neutral pions is seen to scale with a parameter which depends on photon multiplicity and anisotropy. This parameter can be determined from experimental data.

S U M M A R Y Radial and azimuthal anisotropy in seismic wave speeds have long been observed using surface waves and are believed to be controlled by deformation within the Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle. Although radial and azimuthal anisotropy reflect important aspects of anisotropic media, few studies have tried to interpret them jointly. We describe a method of inversion that interprets...

[1] Seismic anisotropy provides essential constraints on mantle dynamics and continental evolution. One particular question concerns the depth distribution and coherence of azimuthal anisotropy, which is key for understanding force transmission between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. Here, we reevaluate the degree of coherence between the predicted shear wave splitting derived from tomograph...