AIM Several lines of evidence exist which suggest that changes in the expression of circulating cytokines are linked to the development or reoccurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of relevant cytokines after therapy with IFN-β formulations in MS patients. MATERIALS & METHODS In this study, blood samples were collected from 70 MS patients undergoin...

background: disease-modifying drugs (dmds) are a significant expenditure for treating multiple sclerosis (ms). however, there is limited report on assessment of the cost-utility of dmds compared with symptom management in the presence of long-term data. this study aimed to assess the lifetime cost-utility from the iranian healthcare perspectives of 4dmds relative to symptom management alone in ...

Interferon beta (IFNb) preparations are commonly used as first-line therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). They are, however, characterized by limited efficacy, partly due to the formation of anti-IFNb antibodies in patients.In this pilot study, we assessed with the ELISA method the presence of the binding antibodies (BAbs) against interferon beta after 2 years of therapy wit...

BACKGROUND MxA gene expression is one of the most appropriate markers of biological activity of exogenous interferon (IFN) beta. METHODS We quantified MxA mRNA for five consecutive days in 62 patients treated with IFN beta (16, Avonex; 10, Betaferon; 24, Rebif 22; 12, Rebif 44), by quantitative-competitive polymerase chain reaction. Every three months, IFN beta induced neutralising antibodies...

        The administration of b-interferon is a recognized treatment for multiple sclerosis. The frequency of side effects is an important factor in drug or product selection. In this study, the side effects of three available b<span style="font-family: TimesNew...

INTRODUCTION The immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a main field of research, together with the mechanism of action of most immune therapies in this disease, such as interferon beta. Interleukin (IL)-17 is considered to play a central part in the initial immune cascade in MS, though there are numerous interactions between other cytokines that might explain the heterogeneity of dis...