background and aims: a multiplex transcription-polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) was developed for direct detection and discrimination between canarypox virus (cpv) and other avian poxvirus (apv). materials and methods: three compatible primer sets were designed for m-pcr amplification of different loci fpv126, fpv140, and fpv167 located at highly conserved apv genes. results: results showed th...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 578 bp fragment of the poxvirus 4b core protein. Avipoxvirus (APV) specific DNA was detected in all 10 different isolates (each of which had been isolated from an epidemic) isolated from chicken; canary and mynah were collected from Tehran province. Sequencing was performed for 2 isolates as representative and the nucleotide sequence sho...

Avian pox is a viral disease with a wide host range. In Great Britain, avian pox in birds of the Paridae family was first diagnosed in a great tit (Parus major) from south-east England in 2006. An increasing number of avian pox incidents in Paridae have been reported each year since, indicative of an emergent infection. Here, we utilise a database of opportunistic reports of garden bird mortali...

Complement-fixing and complement-fixing inhibiting (CFI) antibodies were demonstrated in the clinical and convalescent stages, respectively, of rhesus monkeys infected with either monkey poxvirus, Tanapoxvirus, or Yaba poxvirus. Specificity of the CFI antibody was confirmed by its failure to cross-react with heterologous poxvirus antigens and by experiments demonstrating the CFI test as being a...

Poxvirus infections in marine mammals have been mainly reported through their clinical lesions and electron microscopy (EM). Poxvirus particles in association with such lesions have been demonstrated by EM and were previously classified as two new viruses, cetacean poxvirus 1 (CePV-1) and cetacean poxvirus 2 (CePV-2). In this study, epidermal pox lesions in cetaceans stranded in South West Engl...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1. History and successes of cancer immunotherapy 2.2. Viruses and cancer therapy 3. Identification of tumor associated antigens 4. Ideal properties of an antigen delivery system 4.1. Why are viral vectors suitable for delivering TAAs? 5. Poxvirus vectors 5.1. Vaccinia virus 5.1.1. Use of vaccinia viral vectors to deliver tumor antigens 5.1.1.1. Carcinoembryonic ant...