Soft-agglomerate restructuring, break-up (or fragmentation) and relaxation are studied in a simple shear flow by a discrete element method (DEM). The agglomerates, held together by van der Waals forces, rotate in the shear flow and are stretched into nearly linear structures (fractal dimension approaches unity) until they fracture at their weakest point resulting in lognormally-shaped fragment ...

BACKGROUND HER2 assessment in biopsy specimens of gastric cancer (GC) is challenging because of the intratumoral heterogeneity. False negative results may be get because of limited biopsy material. The aim of this study is to explore how tumor-containing fragment number and biopsy specimen number affect HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) positive rate. METHODS Eight hundred and ninety biopsy spe...

Mating patterns play a critical role in the maintenance of genetic variation. We analyzed the mating system in a recently fragmented population of the Andean oak (Quercus humboldtii) using four microsatellite loci. Five fragments in northeastern Colombia, South America, were selected consisting of 30.4 trees on average. We sampled about 30 seeds from three target trees in each fragment and geno...

Free fetal DNA (ffDNA) in maternal plasma has now become a valuable source for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Being able to accurately identify the size of ffDNA in maternal plasma is essential for a noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Furthermore, it is important to investigate the molecular characteristics related to apoptosis which gives rise to ffDNA. We investigated the fragment size of ffDNA...

The third-party motor insurance data from Sweden for 1977 described by Andrews and Herzberg in 1985 contain average claim occurrence rate (P c ) , size (C a category of vehicles specified the kilometres travelled per year (K), geographical zone (Z), no claims bonus (B) make car (M). categorical variables Z M may first be represented respectively vectors (Z 1 2 … 6 (M 8 binary variables. variabl...

expressions of recombinant proteins for different applications are important objectives in molecular biotechnology; however, expression of some recombinant proteins is difficult. several methods have been designed for expression of these proteins. the aim of this study was to construct a vector containing mtb32c fragment of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tuberculosis) as a fusion partner in orde...

We investigate the average sizes of the n largest fragments in nuclear multifragmentation events near the critical point of the nuclear matter phase diagram. We perform analytic calculations employing Poisson statistics as well as Monte Carlo simulations of the percolation type. We find that previous claims of manifestations of Zipf’s Law in the rank-ordered fragment size distributions are not ...