In ‘Reversibility or Disagreement’ (this journal), we posed a dilemma for invariantists about epistemic expressions—that is, for those who claim that expressions such as ‘might’ and ‘probably’ make a contextinvariant contribution to the truth conditions of the utterances to which they belong. The crux of our dilemma is simple: invariantists, we argued, cannot make sense of a phenomenon that we ...

Affirmative action programs (AAPs) are controversial employment policies in the United States and elsewhere. A large body of evidence about attitudinal reactions to AAPs in employment has accumulated over 35 years: at least 126 independent samples involving 29,000 people. However, findings are not firmly established or integrated. In the current article, the authors summarize and meta-analytica...

This paper addresses the issue of the attitudinal consequences of fear and victimization by focusing on the degree to which people of different ages expresses approval of violent behavior. It is our argument that the experience of victimization socializes the individual to a view as constituting an effective strategy for resolving interpersonal conflict. Data from a national sample of the nonin...

The main goal of this paper is to investigate the prosodic manifestation of the following attitudinal states: consideration, despair, disappointment, irony, justification, obviousness, and uncertainty. The sentence O Carlos Alberto já sabe. [Carlos Alberto already knows it.] was pronounced by a subject, who tried to convey each of these attitudes. Afterwards, it was presented to 20 panelists, w...

Abstract On Bicchieri's view, social norms most centrally involve a pattern of preferences among the members relevant population; according to Brennan, Eriksson, Goodin, and Southwood, patterns normative attitudes given group. This paper argues, first, that can require as well behaviour, and, second, existence such attitudinal speaks in favour preference-based view against attitudes-based view.

Bayesian models typically assume that agents are rational, logically omniscient and opinionated. The last of these has little descriptive or normative appeal, however, and limits our ability to describe how agents make up their minds (as opposed to changing them) or how they can suspend or withdraw their opinions. To address these limitations this paper represents the attitudinal states of non-...

BACKGROUND Current population-based anti-obesity campaigns often target individuals based on either weight or socio-demographic characteristics, and give a 'mass' message about personal responsibility. There is a recognition that attempts to influence attitudes and opinions may be more effective if they resonate with the beliefs that different groups have about the causes of, and solutions for,...