The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare athlete and non-athlete students’ tendency to drug use. 240 undergraduate students of University of Kurdistan with ages ranging from 19 to 23 years who had the experience of regular exercise (n = 120) and non-athlete ones (n = 120) were selected as the sample. Relapse Prediction Scale (RPS) was used for data collection. To analyze data, de...

BACKGROUND Recognition of the Female Athlete Triad (disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis) has increased significantly since it was defined in 1992 by the American College of Sports Medicine. However, knowledge and treatment of the Female Athlete Triad is still lacking among physicians and medical personnel. PURPOSE We surveyed physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers, and coa...

Today, researchers consider sports as one of the methods of reinforcement in the development of psychological parameters. The aim of the present study was to compare the alexithymia and its components, in athletes and non-athletic adolescents. Its components consist of difficulty in identifying feelings (DIF), difficulty in describing feelings (DDF), and externally oriented thinking (EOT). The ...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the attentional network in college table tennis athletes. A total of 65 college students categorized as table tennis athlete group or non-athlete group participated in the study. All participants completed the attentional network test (ANT) which measured the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. The results showed...

background: maximal volume oxygen is an accepted standard for measuring cardiorespiratory readiness. this factor indicates the power of physiological adoption for increasing activity time and efficiency of cardiovascular system. the objective of this study was to find out an optimal correlation between maximal volume oxygen and maximal voluntary ventilation indicators and their effect on cardio...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of a dietary reference intake (DRI) predictive equation for estimated energy requirements (EER) in female college tennis athletes and non-athlete students using doubly labeled water (DLW) as a reference method. MATERIALS/METHODS Fifteen female college students, including eight tennis athletes and seven non-athlete subj...

objective: the present study aimed to compare mental health of female athlete and non-athlete students in the city of indica. the research methodology was a descriptive survey, which initially described the mental health and then compared it among the students. methods: the statistical population of the study included all high school girls in the academic year of 2012-2013 in the city of indica...