The Acute Toxic Class (ATC) Methods for the oral, dermal and inhalation routes were developed as alternatives to the respective LD/LC50 Tests. The ATC Methods use at least 40% (and up to 90%) fewer animals and their reliability with respect to classification probabilities into one of several toxicity classes is in the same order of magnitude or even better in comparison to the LD/LC50 Tests. Th...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the findings of a smaller cohort study on the functional definition and characteristics of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC). We also aimed to identify the threshold values for the most accurate identification of ATC and prediction of massive transfusion (MT) using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assays. METHODS In this prospect...

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) constitutes less than 2% of total thyroid cancers but accounts for 20-40% of thyroid cancer-related deaths. Cancer stem cell drug resistance represents a primary factor hindering treatment. This study aimed to develop targeted agents against thyroid malignancy, focusing on individual and synergistic effects of HNHA (histone deacetylase), lenvatinib (FGFR), and so...

BACKGROUND Historical outcomes in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are poor, with a median survival of only 5 months and <20% of patients surviving 1 year from diagnosis. We hypothesized that survival in newly diagnosed patients with stages IVA and IVB locoregionally confined ATC might be improved by utilizing an aggressive therapeutic approach, prioritizing both the eradication of disease in...

BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), a highly aggressive malignancy, has a poor prognosis, and the consensus on the most effective treatment is needed. METHODS Clinical data from all ATC patients treated in our institution over a 30-year period (between May 1980 and May 2010) were analyzed retrospectively with regard to mortality and survival rates (Kaplan-Meier). Multivariate analy...

INTRODUCTION Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is rare yet accounts for up to 50% of all thyroid cancer deaths. This study reviews outcomes of patients with confirmed ATC referred to a tertiary oncology centre plus reviews the literature to explore how poor outcomes may be improved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The management and outcomes of 20 patients with ATC were reviewed. RESULTS Median age ...

BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for treating advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are still limited in Japan, even though vandetanib for MTC and lenvatinib for MTC and ATC have been approved. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer ...

UNLABELLED Thyroid malignancies are the most common type of endocrine tumors. Of the various histologic subtypes, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) represents a subset of all cases but is responsible for a significant proportion of thyroid cancer-related mortality. Indeed, ATC is regarded as one of the more aggressive and hard to treat forms of cancer. To date, there is a paucity of relevant m...

This article describes the design of a 32 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM- 4) optical transceiver in 40 nm CMOS technology. At transmitter side, laser driver is composed an asymmetric waveform equalizer, 3-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE), and novel active-back termination (ABT) circuit. The ABT circuit provides self-tracking, tunable source impedance to match characteristic dif...