Nowadays control-flow hijacking attacks represents the highest software-based security threat [16]. For this reason we want to develop a tool that can asses the attack surface reduction (Q: Which useful code parts for an attack are still available after a hardening policy was applied to an executable?) w.r.t. the attack dubbed, Counterfeit Object-Oriented Programming (COOP) [8]. This attack is ...

Objective: Our objective was to asses the prevalence of smoking in various cities of Pakistan Methods: To asses the prevalence of smoking a questionnaire was used. Results: Mean age of population studied was 47.62± 13.22 years. Prevalence of smoking was 56.3%. Higher socioeconomic status has positive effect on smoking habits and no effect of paternal smoking on offspring smoking habits. Conclus...