at the beginning of 20th century, psychology got a special status in contemporary criticism (or critical approaches) through the theories of freud and jung. literary works were being criticized by such approaches on the basis of the text sender (author or poet), after a while, with the rise of other psychological schools – such as gestalt- they started to be criticized on the basis of their inf...

Fantastic literature is one of the most popular genres in the world. Due to its wide scope, literary theoreticians have put forth numerous theories to explain its various dimensions. On the other hand, many Persian literary texts make use of these features, but they have not been sufficiently investigated yet. In the field of mysticism, due to the connection with supernatural affairs, numerous ...

G.R. Asrar and J.W. Hurrell (eds.), Climate Science for Serving Society: Research, Modeling and Prediction Priorities, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1_1, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract In this chapter an overview of the research planning and priorities of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) over the next decade is provided. The research, modeling and prediction pl...

Predescu, Dan, Stephen M. Vogel, and Asrar B. Malik. Functional and morphological studies of protein transcytosis in continuous endothelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 287: L895–L901, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00075. 2004.—Continuous microvascular endothelium constitutively transfers protein from vessel lumen to interstitial space. Compelling recent biochemical, ultrastructural, and phys...

1. introduction persian literary works with no apparent political themes have for long played an effective role in the political orientation of iranians. in fact, a great part of iranshahri political doctrine has found its way intothe literary works in the islamic era. these include the four firstchapters ofnizami’smakhzan al-asrar(the treasury of mysteries). a glimpse at nizamiganjavi’s biblio...

Abstract While the problem of nihilism is derived from a particular historical and intellectual context in Western philosophy, i.e., pantheism controversy modern German philosophy ideas Nietzsche, non-Western thinkers also engaged with it developed responses to it. In this article, I am interested analyzing Muhammad Iqbal’s (1877–1938), leading Muslim thinker (a Sufi) India, engagement his resp...

Nations design their education systems to prepare youth for achieving national goals and objectives as perceived by that nation. The system reflects nations' epistemological, ontological axiological assumptions. Accordingly, the secular west has designed its educational intervention based on assumptions is diametrically opposite Islamic belief culture (Asad, 2005). Our contemporary largely deve...