Using electric and magnetic brain responses we tested whether violations of an abstract auditory regularity are processed in auditory cortex and whether abstract auditory regularities are retained for at least 10 s. The mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential and its magnetic counterpart (MMNm) were recorded to infrequent tone pairs of descending pitch (the second tone having a lower ...

A Byzantine Music piece performed by a well recognized chanter is used in order to derive experimentally the mean frequencies of the first five tones (D – A) of the diatonic scale of Byzantine Music. Then the experimentally derived frequencies are compared with frequencies proposed by two theoretical scales, both representative of traditional Byzantine Music chanting. We found that if a scale i...

This experiment was carried out to determine whether reading diatonic violations in a musical score elicits similar endogenous ERP components when hearing such violations in the auditory modality. In the behavioral study, musicians were visually presented with 120 scores of familiar musical pieces, half of which contained a diatonic violation. The score was presented in a measure-by-measure man...

NUMEROUS COMPOSERS HAVE EXPLORED THE MODES OF the acoustic scale (or ascending melodic minor), including Adams, BartOk, Debussy, de Falla, Faure, Glass, Janacek, Liszt, Prokofiev, Ravel, Reich, Rzewski, Scriabin, Stravinsky, Szymanowski, Shostakovich, and virtually every contemporary jazz musician. The scale is clearly one of the central collections of twentieth-century tonality—and possibly ev...

background and aim: human beings receive a variety of sounds in their everyday lives. these sounds are generated by different sources, and are heard simultaneously or with a small time sequence. a characteristic of the auditory system is its ability to analyze complex sounds, and to make decisions about the source of each constituent part of these sounds. the present study intends to assess nor...

toid arthritis (RA) are the most common inflammatory diseases. Inasmuch as OA and RA afflict more than 80% of all patients suffering from arthritis, they are major public concerns. Although OA and RA differ fundamentally in several respects, they share some final pathway leading to cartilage degradation, characterized by the gradual and progressive loss of articular cartilage, resulting in eros...

The tritone paradox is produced when two tones that are related by a half-octave (or tritone) are presented in succession. Each tone is composed of a set of octave-related harmonics, whose amplitudes are determined by a bell-shaped spectral envelope; thus the tones are clearly defined in terms of pitch class, but poorly defined in terms of height. When listeners judge whether such tone pairs fo...