Automated software refactoring is known to be one of the "hard" combinatorial optimization problems of the search-based software engineering field. The difficulty is mainly due to candidate solution representation, objective function description and necessity of functional behavior preservation of software. The problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem whose objective functi...

Modelling representational systems for word meanings and/or world knowledge is a problem of mutual and complex relatedness. Different formats have been used with differing success among which that of stereotypical and/or prototypical meaning and knowledge representation appeared to be most adequate in view of how conceptual knowledge is made use of and/or new concepts are being conveyed. Under ...