Grouping behaviours (e.g. schooling, shoaling and swarming) are commonly explicated through adaptive hypotheses such as protection against predation, access to mates or improved foraging. However, the hypothesis that aggregation can result from manipulation by parasites to increase their transmission has never been demonstrated. We investigated this hypothesis using natural populations of two c...

BACKGROUND To adapt to extreme environments, the crustacean Artemia has evolved two alternative reproductive pathways. During ovoviviparous (direct) development, nauplius larvae are produced. In contrast, Artemia females release encysted diapause embryos (cysts) via the oviparous pathway. To date, the cellular mechanisms that regulate stress resistance of Artemia remain largely unknown. Ste20-l...

In this study, Artemia parthenogenetica was fed with either Spirulina (S), yeast (Y), rice bran (R), oat (O) or their combinations in 10 experimental groups triplicate for 20 days laboratory conditions and growth, biomass, feed conversion rate (FCR), specific growth (SGR), survival rate, crude protein, lipid contents were determined. The highest average body length obtained at the end of experi...

Bacillus spp. are Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria used commercially as probiotics in the larviculture of fish. Bacillus spp. can act positively on cultured organisms by enhancing their survival and growth, stimulating their digestive and immune systems, and improving water quality. In this present study, grass carp larvae were fed on Artemia urmiana, Artemia fransiscana and Artemia parthen...

bacillus spp. are gram-positive spore-forming bacteria used commercially as probiotics in the larviculture of fish. bacillus spp. can act positively on cultured organisms by enhancing their survival and growth, stimulating their digestive and immune systems, and improving water quality. in this present study, grass carp larvae were fed on artemia urmiana, artemia fransiscana and artemia parthen...

Trichocorixa verticalis (T. verticalis), native to North America and the Caribbean islands, is an invasive waterboatman species (Corixidae) in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Previous studies in the native range have suggested that predation by T. verticalis can regulate the abundance of Anostracan and Cladoceran zooplankton in saline ecosystems, causing increases in phytoplankton throu...

Two new microsporidia, Anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp., and Enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp. infecting the intestinal epithelium of Artemia parthenogenetica Bowen and Sterling, 1978 and Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906 in southern France are described. Molecular analyses revealed the two species belong to a clade of microsporidian parasites that preferentially infect the intestinal ...

Trehalase, which specifically hydrolyses trehalose into glucose, plays an important role in the metabolism of trehalose. Large amounts of trehalose are stored in the diapause encysted embryos (cysts) of Artemia, which are not only vital to their extraordinary stress resistance, but also provide a source of energy for development after diapause is terminated. In the present study, a mechanism fo...