Two independent liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC/ICP-MS) methods for the separation of arsenic species in urine have been developed with quantification by standard additions. Seven arsenic species have been quantified in a new NIST frozen human urine Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2669 Arsenic Species in Frozen Human Urine, Levels 1 and 2. The species me...

Arsenic exists in the form of various chemical species differing in their physicochemical behaviour, toxicity, bioavailability and biotransformation. The determination of arsenic species is an important issue for environmental, clinical and food chemistry. However, differentiation of these species is a quite complex analytical task. Numerous speciation procedures have been studied that include ...

The fern Pteris vittata accumulates unusually high levels of arsenic. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and XAS imaging, we reveal the distribution of arsenic species in vivo. Arsenate is transported through the vascular tissue from the roots to the fronds (leaves), where it is reduced to arsenite and stored at high concentrations. Arsenic-thiolate species surrounding veins may be inter...

BACKGROUND It is generally acknowledged that the determination of harmful chemical compounds excreted into saliva is useful for assessing their exposure levels. The aim of the present study was to compare the total arsenic and its species in saliva and urine samples collected from the people residing in an arsenic-contaminated area of China and to further verify the feasibility of using salivar...

The concentrations of four chemical species of arsenic in urine were observed with time, after ingestion of three different chemical species of arsenic. The arsenic-rich substances ingested, including arsenite-rich wine, arsenate-rich drinking water, and crab meat which contained organo-arsenic compounds. After ingestion of arsenite-rich wine, approximately 10% of the arsenic was excreted as ar...

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke is a major risk to the health of its users and arsenic is among the components of smoke present at concentrations of toxicological concern. There are significant variations in human toxicity between inorganic and organic arsenic species and the aim of this study was to determine whether there are predictable relationships among major arsenic species in tobacco that coul...

BACKGROUND Chicken meat has the highest per capita consumption among all meat types in North America. The practice of feeding 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (Roxarsone, Rox) to chickens lasted for more than 60 years. However, the fate of Rox and arsenic metabolites remaining in chicken are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the elimination of Rox and metabolites from chi...

Urinary arsenic species are important short-term biomarkers that have been used in epidemiological studies. However, the stability of soluble arsenic species and the amount of arsenic lost during sample pretreatment remain unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the stability of soluble arsenic species in urine and aqueous standards, as well as to assess the amount of insoluble and ...

We studied chemical speciation of arsenic compounds in urine samples by using HPLC with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. We examined urinary arsenic excretion patterns and the arsenic species excreted from nine human subjects who ingested seaweed products and crab (or shrimp). Fast urinary excretion of unchanged arsenobetaine was seen after ingestion of crab and shrimp, w...

BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure in drinking water disproportionately affects small communities in some U.S. regions, including American Indian communities. In U.S. adults with no seafood intake, median total urine arsenic is 3.4 microg/L. OBJECTIVE We evaluated arsenic exposure and excretion patterns using urine samples collected over 10 years in a random sample of American Indians from Arizona, ...