BACKGROUND Despite the high mortality and morbidity resulting from acute respiratory infections (ARI) globally, there are few data from low-income countries on costs of ARI to inform public health policy decisions We conducted a prospective survey to assess costs of ARI episodes in selected primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare facilities in north India where no respiratory pathogen vacci...

BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major killer of children in developing countries. Although the frequency of ARI is similar in both developed and developing countries, mortality due to ARI is 10-50 times higher in developing countries. Viruses are common causes of ARI among such children, yet the disease burden of these infections in rural communities is unknown. METHODOLOGY/...

BACKGROUND Dependence on antipsycotic drugs like aripriprazole (ARI) is increasing at alarming rate, hence, this study was undertaken to support the hypothesis that supplementation of Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) juice having high concentration of polyphenols might potentiate and synergize the therapeutic effect of ARI, by increasing its bioavailability and inherent antioxidant potential. These...

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. The National ARI Control Programme was launched in 1989 in order to reduce the mortality attributed to pneumonia, and rationalize the use of drugs in the management of patients with ARI. WHO's standard ARI case management guidelines were adopted to achieve these objectives. The medical staff...

We examined nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization density patterns surrounding acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in young children in Peru. Pneumococcal densities were dynamic, gradually increasing leading up to an ARI, peaking during the ARI, and decreasing after the ARI. Rhinovirus co-infection was associated with higher pneumococcal densities.

Malnutrition is an important risk factor for acute respiratory infection (ARI), which is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among children aged < 5 years. This case-control study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and ARI among young children aged < 5 years attending a teaching hospital in Erbil, Iraq. Children admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of ARI ove...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for ARI in the Australian community. METHODS We used a national survey of 7578 randomly selected respondents in 2008-2009 to identify the risk factors of ARI. A case was defined as a person experiencing cold or flu with one or more symptoms of: fever, chills, sore throat, runny nose, or cough in the previous four weeks. ...

The atypical antipsychotic drug aripiprazole (ARI) shows high in vitro affinity for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and dopamine (DA) D2 receptors. In the present study we examined the in vivo actions of ARI in he rat and mouse brain using single unit recordings and microdialysis. The systemic administration of ARI reduced 5-HT release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat. ...