four tylenchid species, namely, aglenchus agricola, malenchus exiguus, psilenchus curcumerus, and p. terextremus are reported from iran. the iranian population of a. agricola is characterized by 542-659 µm long body, 10-12 µm long stylet, excretory pore at 70-87 µm distance from anterior end, prominent lateral fields, with four lines, tail of 170-198 long, and rare males with 15-20 µm long spic...

two species of pratylenchoides recovered from the grasslands in sabalan region and one species recovered from natural habitats of tehran are illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. the first species, p. crenicauda is characterized mainly by its lip region with three-four annuli, lateral field with four incisures areolated throughout the length and having rod s...

Introduction: In 3DCRT the number of therapeutic fields has dramatic impact on treatment results especially in stomach cancer. Traditionally, for radiotherapy of stomach cancer the therapeutic procedure was using two fields (AP- PA or AP Lateral with wedge) to achieve smooth and homogeneous dose distribution in tumor. But nowadays, adding lateral or oblique fields to aforement...

Two new species of plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus quaidi n. sp. and T. tritici n. sp.) from Pakistan are described and illustrated. Tylenchorhynchus quaidi n. sp., from soil around roots of potato (Solanum tuberosum) from an experimental field of NNRC, Karachi, Pakistan, is distinguishable from other species by its peculiar sunken dome-shaped head. Although similar to T. goffarti, ...

Two new species of Family Draconematidae Filipjev, 1918, Draconema andamanense sp. nov. and Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov., are described from the coast of the Andaman Islands, India. Both species were extracted from sediments among the intertidal macroalgae. Draconema andamanense resembles D. japonicum in having the gubernaculum with peculiar distal dilation in males. However, it differs f...

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common known cancers in women all around the world. It is the most common cause of death in women after lung cancer. Radiotherapy is a method for therapy of cancer in which certain dose of high energy radiations is used to destruct cancer cells. Radiotherapy is designed so that radiation of eartain does to the target area in body i...

This paper describes a neural field model for local (mesoscopic) dynamics on the cortical surface. Our focus is on sparse intrinsic connections that are characteristic of real cortical microcircuits. This sparsity is modelled with radial connectivity functions or kernels with non-central peaks. The ensuing analysis allows one to generate or predict spectral responses to known exogenous input or...

The inhibition that is exerted mutually among receptor units (ommatidia) of the lateral eye of Limulus does not diminish uniformly with increasing distance between units. Instead the response of a receptor unit is most effectively inhibited by other units separated from it by approximately 1 mm (three to five receptor diameters); the effectiveness diminishes with distances both greater and less...