this article uses seasonal integration and co integration techniques to test the hypothesis of neutrality of money, using data from the iranian economy. seasonal data for the three variables of money supply, output and prices show that (increase in) money supply and the price level are co integrated at zero frequency, but one does not see such a relationship between (increase in) money supply a...

Food price inflation has been a significant subject of debate in Turkey since food prices soared 2018. The study examines the linkage between agricultural input and by using quantitative method approaches with monthly data spanning from 2015-M01 to 2020-M01. A co-integration analysis is performed autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach Maki structural breaks. Additionally, fu...

This study analyses some political factors determining budget deficit in Pakistan. It examines the short and long-run relationship between the Budget deficit, democracy and cabinet size for Pakistan’s economy. The bounds testing approach to co-integration and (ECM) error-correction models, developed within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework is applied to annual data for the peri...

This study examines the labor market effects of influx Syrian refugees in Turkey. Engle-Granger and Johansen co-integration tests, followed by autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds tests reveal that Turkish unemployment refugee series are co-integrated; pointing out to a long-run relationship. Short-run dynamics have been analyzed from fitted ARDL model error-correction parameter is use...

This paper aims to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables on economic growth after Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Pakistan. In doing so, study utilizes the quarterly time series data from 1990 to 2007. Advanced Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) approach has been employed for co-integration and error correction model (ECM) for short-run results in the case of Pakista...

As the Malaysian residential electricity consumption continued to increase rapidly, effective energy policies, which address factors affecting residential electricity consumption, is urgently needed. This study attempts to investigate the relationship between residential electricity consumption (EC), real disposable income (Y), price of electricity (Pe) and population (Po) in Malaysia for 1978-...

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact exports, renewable energy, and industrialization on ecological footprint (EF) India over period spanning from 1970–2017 by employing newly developed augmented ARDL (A-ARDL) co-integration approach novel dynamic (D-ARDL) technique. empirical results demonstrate that exports energy consumption reduce EF, while intensifies EF. More precisely...

â â â  â â â â â  abstract: â  up to now, the impact of real exchange rate on the non-oil exports of iran has been mainly on focus. however, the more important aspect of the fluctuations in exchange rate is its degree of volatility which can have profound effect on the non-oil exports. hence, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the linkage between non-oil exports and the real exc...