Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons send projections widely throughout the brain consistent with their role in regulating numerous homeostatic processes and mediating analgesia and reward. Recent data suggest that POMC neurons located in the rostral and caudal extents of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus may mediate selective actions, however it is not clear if POMC neurons in these region...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus is an orexigenic hormone of which levels are regulated by humoral as well as neural signals. In this study, we examined the regulation of NPY gene expression in the arcuate nucleus in hypothalamic organotypic cultures. Dexamethasone (DEX) (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) significantly increased NPY mRNA expression, and the effects were not influenced by coincubat...

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is postulated to result from a failure of homeostatic responses to life-threatening challenges (e.g. asphyxia, hypercapnia) during sleep. The ventral medulla participates in sleep-related homeostatic responses, including chemoreception, arousal, airway reflex control, thermoregulation, respiratory drive, and blood pressure regulation, in part via serotoni...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a peptide synthesized in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, is implicated in the physiologic control of food intake and body weight. Because both genetic (e.g. in obese ob/ob mice) and acquired leptin deficiency (e.g. fasting in normal mice) increase hypothalamic NPY accumulation, and as leptin administration reverses this effect, we hypothesized that leptin inhibits transc...

Multiple Unit Activity (MUA) of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus as indicated by discriminated spikes with window setting between 18-30 uV, the integrated MUA and the cortical EEG of the urethane anaesthetized rats on the proestrous day was recorded with the help of a polygraph. Infusion of LH-RH in the 3rd ventricle markedly increased the arcuate nucleus MUA. The effect started within minutes ...

Citation: Benoit C, Doubi-Kadmiri S, Benigni X, Crepin D, Riffault L, Poizat G, Vacher C-M, Taouis M, Baroin-Tourancheau A and Amar L (2018) miRNA Long-Term Response to Early Metabolic Environmental Challenge in Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 11:90. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00090 miRNA Long-Term Response to Early Metabolic Environmental Challenge in Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus

The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus is an important target for metabolic and hormonal signals controlling food intake. As demonstrated by c-Fos studies, arcuate neurons are activated in food-deprived mice, whereas refeeding reverses the fasting-induced activation. To evaluate whether an increase in blood glucose has an inhibitory effect on these neurons, we analyzed the c-Fos response to an intrap...

Neuronal networks originating in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus play fundamental roles in the control of energy balance. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus stimulate food intake, whereas arcuate nucleus neurons that release the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) potently reduce food intake. Relatively little a...

Gene expression for agouti-related protein (AGRP), an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors, has been localized to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, where it colocalizes with neuropeptide Y (NPY). Having reported that the NPY innervation of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) originates primarily from NPY-producing neurons in the arcuate nucl...

Kiel J, Leranth C (2006) Synaptic remodeling induced by gonadal hormones: neuronal plasticity as a mediator of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to (2007) Fluctuation of synapse density in the arcuate nucleus during the estrus cycle. Estradiol-induced synaptic remodeling of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus. Endocrinology. 2008 Apr 17. Epub ahead of pr...