In this work, we identify the most general measure of arbitrage for any market model governed by Itô processes. We show that our arbitrage measure is invariant under changes of numéraire and equivalent probability. Moreover, such measure has a geometrical interpretation as a gauge connection. The connection has zero curvature if and only if there is no arbitrage. We prove an extension of the Ma...

The paper reports the results of an empirical study of the price relation between the German Performance Stock Index, DAX, and DAX futures. An ex-ante arbitrage strategy based on arbitrage signals is analyzed. The data set contains intraday bidand ask futures quotes and index values on a minute by minute basis. It is found that the number and persistence of arbitrage opportunities differs consi...

We propose a uni ed analysis of a whole spectrum of no-arbitrage conditions for nancial market models based on continuous semimartingales. In particular, we focus on no-arbitrage conditions weaker than the classical notions of No Arbitrage and No Free Lunch with Vanishing Risk. We provide a complete characterisation of all no-arbitrage conditions, linking their validity to the existence and to ...

Arbitrage opportunities appear in sports gambling when bookkeepers disagree about the probabilities of different outcomes. Some bookkeepers actively try to prevent arbitrage gamblers from using their services. This paper addresses the various issues with arbitrage gambling by considering the problems with betting on individual games as well as betting on many games over a long period of time. I...

EDDIE-ARB (EDDIE stands for Evolutionary Dynamic Data Investment Evaluator) is a genetic program (GP) that implements a cross market arbitrage strategy in a manner that is suitable for online trading. Our benchmark for EDDIE-ARB is the Tucker (1991) put-call-futures (P-C-F) parity condition for detecting arbitrage profits in the index options and futures markets. The latter presents two main pr...

Combinatorial exchanges are trading mechanisms that allow agents to specify preferences over bundles of goods. When agents’ preferences exhibit complementarity and/or substitutability, this additional expressiveness can lead to more efficient allocations than is possible using traditional exchanges. In the context of combinatorial exchanges, this paper examines arbitrage, a risk-free profit opp...

We investigate triangular arbitrage within the spot foreign exchange market using highfrequency executable prices. We show that triangular arbitrage opportunities do exist, but that most have short durations and small magnitudes. We find intra-day variations in the number and length of arbitrage opportunities, with larger numbers of opportunities with shorter mean durations occurring during mor...

We characterize absence of arbitrage with simple trading strategies in a discounted market with a constant bond and several risky assets. We show that if there is a simple arbitrage, then there is a 0-admissible one or an obvious one, that is, a simple arbitrage which promises a minimal riskless gain of ε, if the investor trades at all. For continuous stock models, we provide an equivalent cond...

Textbook arbitrage in financial markets requires no capital and entails no risk. In reality, almost all arbitrage requires capital, and is typically risky. Moreover, professional arbitrage is conducted by a relatively small number of highly specialized investors using other people's capital. Such professional arbitrage has a number of interesting implications for security pricing, including the...