The apelinergic system, comprised of apelin and its G protein-coupled receptor (APJ; APLNR as given in MGI Database), is expressed within key regions of the central nervous system associated with arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesis and release as well as in structures involved in the control of drinking behaviour, including the magnocellular neurones of the hypothalamus, circumventricular orga...

Abstract Introduction Apelin is a vasoactive peptide isolated as a selective endogenous ligand of orphan receptor, APJ, which was genetically identified to have closest identity to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT-1) receptor. Subsequent studies elucidated the roles of the apelin–APJ system in human physiology, including the regulation of cardiovascular function and fluid homeostasis. In spite of ...

and Applied Analysis 3 Algorithm 2.1 consider interchange a basic variable xB,p and nonbasic variable xN,j . aql ⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩ 1 apj , q p, l j apl apj , q p, l / j −qj apj , q / p, l j aql − aplaqj apj , q / p, l / j , b1 l ⎧ ⎪ ⎪⎨

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis and inflammation with or without fibrosis. The apelin receptor (APJ) is related to angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (AGTRL1). The present study aimed to evaluate APJ as an indicator of the pathophysiology of early-stage NASH. METHODS APJ expression was evaluated in six tissue samples with histologically proven ea...

RATIONALE The peptide ligand apelin and its receptor APJ constitute a signaling pathway with numerous effects on the cardiovascular system, including cardiovascular development in model organisms such as xenopus and zebrafish. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize the embryonic lethal phenotype of the Apj-/- mice and to define the involved downstream signaling targets. METHODS AND RESU...

In addition to the CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors, a subset of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates can also use the seven-transmembrane-domain receptor APJ as a coreceptor. A previously identified ligand of APJ, apelin, specifically inhibited the entry of primary T-tropic and dualtropic HIV-1 isolates from different clades into cells expressing CD4 and APJ. Analysis...

This paper is a result of Studying the Philosophy Education APJ Abdul Kalam. The main objective study to education data collected from various research journals, articles, books, speeches lectures delivered by APJ, thesis and Websites. for present qualitative in nature.

Apelin is a bioactive peptide discovered recently that has been proved to be an endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Researches have confirmed that apelin/APJ involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological functions in the cardiovascular system. Investigations indicated that apelin is a nov...

Objective(s): Apelin/APJ system plays an important role in the regulation of myocardial contractility (MC) and blood pressure. Opioid receptors (OPRs) are also important cardiovascular regulators and exert many of their effects through modulating the function of other systems. This study analyzed the interaction between APJ and kappa OPRs (KOR) in cardiac responsiveness to apelin in acute reno-...

Apelin, the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled APJ receptor, is a peptide mediator with emerging regulatory actions in the heart. We aimed to determine whether the endogenous apelin/APJ system is an intrinsic protective pathway in ischemic/reperfusion injury. A Langendorff model of perfused isolated rat hearts and primary cultured myocardial cells from neonatal rats were used. Cardiac f...