Eling and Schuhmacher (2007) compared the Sharpe ratio with other performance measures and found virtually identical rank ordering using hedge fund data. They conclude that the choice of performance measure has no critical influence on fund evaluation and that the Sharpe ratio is generally adequate for analyzing hedge funds. Nevertheless, their analysis does not include the class of tailor-made...

The genus Antirrhinum comprises about 28 species with a center of origin in the Iberian Peninsula. They show an important diversity of growing niches. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of scent profiles in eight wild species, Antirrhinum linkianum, A. tortuosum, A. cirrigherum, A. latifolium, A. meonanthum, A. braun-blanquetii, A. barrelieri, and A. graniticum. We used also two laborat...

Homeotic mutants have been useful for the study of animal development. Such mutants are also known in plants. The isolation and molecular analysis of several homeotic genes in Antirrhinum majus provide insights into the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms of flower development. A model is presented of how the characteristic sequential pattern of developing organs, comprising the flower, ...

The CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH) genes encode related TCP transcription factors that control floral asymmetry in Antirrhinum majus. Analysis of sequences from relatives of Antirrhinum suggested that CYC and DICH arose from a gene duplication in an ancestor of the tribe Antirrhineae and have subsequently evolved at similar rates. Coding regions outside the conserved functional TCP and R ...

Genetic and molecular analyses in two eudicot plants, Hong Ma* and Claude dePamphilis Department of Biology and Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus, have idenThe Life Sciences Consortium tified several genes that specify floral organ identity. Penn State University These studies led to the proposal of the ABC model University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (Coen and Meyerowitz, 1991; Ma, 1994)...

Shifts in flower symmetry have occurred frequently during the diversification of angiosperms, and it is thought that such shifts play important roles in plant-pollinator interactions. In the model developmental system Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), the closely related genes CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH) are needed for the development of zygomorphic flowers and the determination of adaxi...

Signatures of local adaptation have been found at all life stages in plants. Yet, the contribution later plant is rarely disentangled from influence early-life stages. Here, we investigate direct adult to climate two subspecies snapdragon plants (Antirrhinum majus), while growth conditions homogenized We compared genetic variation fitness proxies (i.e. flowering, number flowers and survival) ph...

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