BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Percutaneous vertebroplasty is known for its pain-relieving effect. Our purpose was to evaluate its effect on the kyphosis angle, wedge angle, and height of the fractured vertebral body. METHODS We reviewed digital radiographs of 73 vertebral bodies in 53 patients before and after vertebroplasty. We measured the spinal kyphosis angle and the wedge angle of the fractured...

objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the location and characteristics of mental foramen, anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal using cone beam computed tomography (cbct). materials and methods: this retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 200 mandibular cbct scans for the location of mental foramen, anterior loop prevalence and mandibular incisive canal visibility, its mean leng...

The anterior border of the neural plate, presumed to contain the prospective peripheral portion (roof) of the prospective telencephalon, emerges within a vaguely defined proneural ectodermal region. Fate maps carried out at HH4 in the chick reveal that this region still produces indistinctly neural, placodal and non-neural derivatives; it does not express neural markers. We examined how the def...

A clonal analysis has shown that the dorsal surface of the first abdominal segment of Drosophila melanogaster is subdivided into anterior and posterior compartments. Cells of the posterior compartment grow up to but not beyond the anterior-posterior compartment border within the first abdominal segment and the intersegmental border that defines the boundary between the first and second abdomina...

The rules governing proximo-distal regeneration in the wing disc of Drosophila were investigated. It was found that proximal fragments confined to either anterior or posterior compartments could not regenerate distally, although many fragments having tissue from both compartments could do so even in the absence of circumferential regeneration. Fragments containing the ventral but not the dorsal...

The representation of the visual field in areas V3 and V4 of the macaque was mapped with multiunit electrodes. Twelve Macaca fascicularis were studied in repeated recording sessions while immobilized and anesthetized. V3 is a narrow strip (4-5 mm wide) of myeloarchitectonically distinct cortex located immediately anterior to V2. It contains a systematic representation of the central 35-40 degre...

We have combined genetic experiments and a targeted misexpression approach to examine the role of the gap gene giant (gt) in patterning anterior regions of the Drosophila embryo. Our results suggest that gt functions in the repression of three target genes, the gap genes Krüppel (Kr) and hunchback (hb), and the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve). The anterior border of Kr, which lies 4-5 nucleus...

The striped expression pattern of the pair-rule gene even skipped (eve) is established by five stripe-specific enhancers, each of which responds in a unique way to gradients of positional information in the early Drosophila embryo. The enhancer for eve stripe 2 (eve 2) is directly activated by the morphogens Bicoid (Bcd) and Hunchback (Hb). As these proteins are distributed throughout the anter...

The brachial plexus is situated in the posterior triangle of the cervical region and in the axilla. This plexus is a union of the lower four cervical (C5, C6, C7, and C8) ventral rami and the first thoracic (T1) ventral ramus. At the lateral border of the anterior scalene muscle, the five roots unite to form the upper, middle, and lower trunks, each of which splits into anterior and posterior d...

PURPOSE To investigate spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-detected optic disc margin anatomy in the monkey eye by colocalizing disc photographs to SD-OCT scans acquired from the same eyes. METHODS The neural canal opening (NCO) was delineated within 40 digital radial sections generated from SD-OCT volumes acquired from 33 normal monkey eyes (15 degrees, 290 x 768 horizontal...