A large body of evidence supports the hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine (DA) mediates, in animal models, the reinforcing effects of central nervous system stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine. The role DA plays in mediating amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans remains to be established. Both amphetamine and cocaine increase norepinephrine (NE) via stimulation of r...

BACKGROUND Growth hormone (GH) has diverse immunological actions and has been shown to augment oxidative metabolism in rat peritoneal and porcine alveolar macrophages and both human and animal neutrophils. A study was performed to determine the effects of GH on human alveolar macrophages in vitro. METHODS Macrophages were harvested from 10 patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage and incuba...

This definition is clearly legally motivated and does not support the discussion of technical issues. The number and classes of prohibited substances is very complex in human sports, where selected stimulants, narcotics, hormones, β2agonists, anti-oestrogenic agents and diuretics are covered. The situation becomes even more confusing if the term ‘doping’ is extended to animal (e.g. equestrian) ...

Stimulants such as cocaine and the amphetamines are widely abused due to their rewarding effects. Much of what we know about drug abuse and drug reward comes from research involving stimulants, and much of this research involves using drug self-administration as an animal model of drug abuse. In this chapter, the example of stimulant self-administration is used to illustrate: (1) the basic meth...

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairments in occu pational, academic, neuropsychological, and social functioning. central nervous system (cns) stimulants are recommended as first-line medication therapy for children. cns stimulants include formulations of methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives and...

1 Univ. of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Fac., Zootechnical dep., Groblje 3, SI-1230 domžale, Slovenia, ph.d., e-mail: [email protected] 2 Same address, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Same address, Assoc. prof., ph.d., e-mail: [email protected] 4 Same address, ph.d., e-mail: [email protected] Use of herbs and spices and their extracts in animal nutrition The ban o...

Although there are many Chinese and Japanese reports of the use of immuno-stimulants in treating cancer, the Western medical profession is generally unfamiliar with them. This is partly due to the Western preference for rather more aggressive Western techniques and partly due to a lack of awareness. When I recently asked a well-known UK cancer expert his views on immuno-stimulants, he said he w...