The mechanisms of drug dependence and rewarding properties of opiates are not exactly known and several neurotransmitters seem to be involved. It is possible that the rennin-angiotensin system could interact with the opioid system, since it has been shown that angiotensin II(Ang) and ACE inhibitors have analgesic, anticonvulsant and antidepression effects and in some cases they could antagonize...

Objective(s): The study aimed to investigate the effects of adrenomedullin (ADM) and proadrenomedullin N- terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) on angiotensin II (AngII)-stimulated proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Materials and Methods: Thoracic aorta was obtained from Wistar rats and VSMCs were isolated from aorta tissues and then cultured. In vitro cultured VSMCs were stimulated w...

The mechanisms of drug dependence and rewarding properties of opiates are not exactly known and several neurotransmitters seem to be involved. It is possible that the rennin-angiotensin system could interact with the opioid system, since it has been shown that angiotensin II(Ang) and ACE inhibitors have analgesic, anticonvulsant and antidepression effects and in some cases they could antagonize...

Shao W, Seth DM, Navar LG. Augmentation of endogenous intrarenal angiotensin II levels in Val-ANG II-infused rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296: F1067–F1071, 2009. First published February 25, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90596.2008.—In angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension, intrarenal ANG II levels are increased by AT1 receptor-mediated ANG II internalization and endogenous ANG II gener...

In angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension, intrarenal ANG II levels are increased by AT(1) receptor-mediated ANG II internalization and endogenous ANG II generation. The objective of the present study was to determine the relative contribution of de novo formation of endogenous ANG II. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham operated (n = 6), Val(5)-ANG II infused (n...

Despite enormous therapeutic advancements, the incidence of hypertension continues to rise and remains a medical burden of global proportions. This is likely due, in part, to the complex pathogenesis of hypertension. In addition to pathological processes in peripheral cardiovascular organs, the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a major culprit. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays...