A comprehensive understanding of the role of androgens in reproduction, behavior and morphology requires the examination of female, as well as male, hormone profiles. However, we know far less about the biological significance of androgens in females than in males. We investigated the relationships between fecal androgen (immunoreactive testosterone) levels and reproductive status, age, dominan...

Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) signaling are necessary for prostate development and homeostasis. AR signaling also drives the growth of nearly all prostate cancer cells. The role of androgens and AR signaling has been well characterized in metastatic prostate cancer, where it has been shown that prostate cancer cells are exquisitely adept at maintaining functional AR signaling to drive ca...

Beyond regulation of male sexual function, the increasing evidence shows that androgens and androgen receptor (AR) have a variety physiological pathological effects on skin. Skin cells express all metabolizing enzymes are required for independent skin synthesis development hyperandrogenic related disorders such as acne, hirsutism androgenetic alopecia. Targeting various elements function metabo...

OBJECTIVES This article defines androgens (and anabolic steroids), describes their mechanisms of action, and summarizes their behavioral effects and relevance in animals and humans. METHOD A MEDLINE-derived review of the literature on androgens and behavior was performed; pivotal earlier publications were also obtained and included in the review. RESULTS In animals, the effects of androgens...