background: androgen insensitivity syndrome (ais) or testicular feminization is a partial or complete inability of cell response to androgen. the cause is enzymatic defect in synthesis of testosterone, resulting sexually immature phenotypically female, with primary amenorrhea. there are three categories of ais, complete, partial and mild, depending on the degree of external genital masculinizat...

background and objective: since the advent of mammography screening, ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) of the breast has been diagnosed increasingly. in contrast to the situation in invasive breast carcinoma, there are only a few reports on androgen receptor (ar) status in dcis and few reports on estrogen (er) and progesterone (pr) receptors. materials and methods: ar expression was examined in 5...

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease) is an X-linked, adult-onset motor neuron disease characterized by slow, progressive weakness of the extremity muscles with CAG triplet repeat expansion in androgen receptor gene. Hirayama (HD) juvenile onset asymmetric amyotrophy hand most common males Asia. We report a patient atypical Kennedy presenting typical HD.

background: the aim of this study was to evaluate over expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) gene in localized prostate cancers and determine its relation with clinical and pathological factors affecting the progression of the disease. methods: in the tissue samples of the patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy, egfr expression was evaluated by immunohist...

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay of prostate cancer treatment, given the dependence cells on androgen and receptor (AR). However, tumors become ADT-resistant, there need to understand mechanism. One possible mechanism upregulation AR co-regulators, although only handful have been definitively linked disease. We previously identified Mediator subunit MED19 as an co-regulator, rep...

Background: Androgens have an anti-proliferative effect on endometrial cells. Human androgen receptor (AR) gene contains two polymorphic short tandem repeats of GGC and CAG, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism on exon 1 that is recognized by the restriction enzyme, StuI. Prior studies have shown that the lengths of the CAG and GGC repeats are inversely and linearly related to AR activity and a...

Maternal testosterone has been indicated to affect sex ratio of offspring. The present study was conducted to elucidate the role of androgen receptor in this regard by blockade of androgen receptor using flutamide in female mice. Mice were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Mice in the control (n = 20) and treatment (n = 20) groups received 8 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) fo...

background: androgen receptors (ar) play an important role in proliferation of cancerous prostatic cells and prevention of apoptotic signaling. current drugs cannot inhibit the activity of these receptors very well. establishment of appropriate animal models is essential for discovery of new drugs of target therapy in hormone dependent prostate cancer. materials and methods: standard prostatic ...

The androgen insensitivity syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities, ranging from complete female to ambiguous forms that more closely resemble males. The primary abnormality is a defective androgen receptor protein due to a mutation of the androgen receptor gene. This prevents normal androgen action and thus leads to impaired virilisation. A point m...