A standard correction for random guessing (cfg) formula on multiple-choice and Yes/Noexaminations was examined retrospectively in the scores of the intermediate female EFL learners in an English language school. The correctionwas a weighting formula for points awarded for correct answers,incorrect answers, and unanswered questions so that the expectedvalue of the increase in test score due to g...

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IN THIS ISSUE of the Journal of Applied Physiology, the article “Time course of changes in inflammatory markers during a 6-mo exercise intervention in sedentary middle-aged men: a randomized-controlled trial” by Thompson and colleagues (6), independent of the specific sets of results presented in the manuscript, addresses a more general question that many laboratories, in a variety of forms, ha...

Recent work has suggested that yes/no response formats, or active choice, can increase enrollment compared to opt-in procedures. To encourage even greater enrollment and increased participant engagement in academic research studies, we investigated the impact on participation rates of presenting multiple “yes” or “no” options. We demonstrate that the provision of additional, more labor-intensiv...

The last decade has seen considerable concern regarding a shortage of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers to meet the demands of the labor market. At the same time, many experts have presented evidence of a STEM worker surplus. A comprehensive literature review, in conjunction with employment statistics, newspaper articles, and our own interviews with company recrui...

direct yes yes discrete yes no unfavorable virtually none no no metric space yes no point process yes no very favorable specific models yes yes embedding yes maybe function of time yes yes favorable continuous yes minimal context tree no yes discrete yes no favorable context tree no minimal principal components yes maybe function of time yes yes favorable rate envelope yes yes reconstruction ma...