Standard personal digital assistant (PDA) graphical user interfaces (GUI) become unusable if used in complex applications, like graphical editors containing tens or hundreds of functions and manipulating with complex data structures. It is necessary to investigate new user interface design patterns and simplify the development process of complex mobile applications. This paper researches this a...

thin films of binary bi 0 -teo and bi 0 -v 0 systems were prepared by the thermal co-evaporation technique in a vacuum at room temperature. the optical absorption edge of these systems are studied in the wavelength of 200-800 nm using a perkin-elmer uv/vis spectrophotometer. it is found that the value of n=3/2 in the davis-mott equation is best fitted for the fundamental absorption edge for the...

Programs sometimes crash due to unusable values, for example, when Java and C# programs dereference null pointers and when C and C++ programs use undefined values to affect program behavior. A stack trace produced on such a crash identifies the effect of the unusable value, not its cause, and is often not much help to the programmer. This paper presents efficient origin tracking of unusable val...

Clinker bricks go into excessive temperatures during the process, are waste in brick making, and tend to be unusable, but it can used as an alternative material coarse aggregate concrete mixtures. This research is about clinker which no-fines with a water-cement ratio 0.45 volume of 1:3 for 4 sample variations at different ages where mixture four 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% will tested age 7 days, 14 28...

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