Silymarin, derived from the milk thistle plant Silybum marianum and widely used for self-treatment of liver diseases, is composed of six major flavonolignans including silybin A and silybin B, which are the predominant flavonolignans quantified in human plasma. The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of silymarin flavonolignans were examined in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver dise...

Silymarin, also known as milk thistle extract, inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and also displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions that contribute to its hepatoprotective effects. In the current study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective actions of the seven major flavonolignans and one flavonoid that comprise silymarin. Activities tested included inhibition ...

The standardized extract contains flavonolignans, collectively referred to as silymarin. Sometimes the extract itself is called “silymarin”, which can lead to confusion over dosage since the level of flavonolignans (silymarin) in the extract is typically 60 to 80%, depending on the test methodology used. The main flavonolignans found in the extract are silybin (silibin), silychristin, silydiani...

Background and purpose: Silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, has been widely used to treat chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other types of toxic liver damage. Despite increasing studies on the action of silymarin and its major active constituent, silybin in their therapeutic properties against insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia in vitro and in vivo, the me...

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is one of the valuable medicinal plants which used in the treatment of liver disorders. The major active constituents in this plant are flavonolignans, collectively known as silymarin which is a mixture of three isomer silybin, silydianin and silycristin. Its therapeutic properties are due to the presence of silymarin. The seeds contain the highest a...

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a popular herbal product used for hepatoprotection and chemoprevention. Two commercially available formulations are the crude extract, silymarin, and the semipurified product, silibinin. Silymarin consists of at least seven flavonolignans, of which the most prevalent are the diastereoisomers silybin A and silybin B; silibinin consists only of silybin A and sil...

Silybum marianum or milk thistle (MT) is the most well-researched plant in the treatment of liver disease. The active complex of MT is a lipophilic extract from the seeds of the plant and is composed of three isomer flavonolignans (silybin, silydianin, and silychristin) collectively known as silymarin. Silybin is a component with the greatest degree of biological activity and makes up 50% to 70...

Liver dysfunction often is associated with an imbalance in the production and removal of free radicals derived from oxygen and nitrogen and has been managed clinically with antioxidant supplements, including silymarin extract derived from milk thistle. The potential for enhanced bioavailability of a phytosome complex containing phosphatidylcholine and silybin, the primary active flavonolignan i...

introduction: recently depleted uranium is being widely used as anti-armour ammunition and at very high temperature, results in information of an aerosol of very small uranium oxide particles, which may be inhaled. it is alleged that these particles represent a new battlefield hazard because of the chemical toxicology and/or radioactivity. method & materials: male wistar strain albino rats were...