The Community trade mark has effectively been available since April 1, 1996, although recourse to this tool does not imply abandonment of protection at a national level something still of interest to SMEs. Market globalisation has led to increasingly more frequent horizontal and vertical integration being carried out between companies, with the effect being that of ‘anchoring’ the trade mark mo...

civil liability in electronic communications is one the most important issues of information and communications technology (ict) law. civil liability may be arisen from different causes such as copyright and trade mark infringement invasion of privacy and defamation. when discussing civil liability, two different civil liability systems may be considered: direct and indirect civil liability. in...

This paper uses a novel data set of the trade mark activity of UK manufacturing and service sector firms to investigate whether applications for trade marks are suggestive of product innovation, improving the profitability and productivity of firms. Data on both trade (and service) marks sought via the UK Patent Office (UKTM) and the European Community Office for Harmonisation of the Internal M...