the physicochemical properties of solute in solutions provide valuable information on solute –solvent, solute – solute and solvent – solvent interactions. the intermolecular forces between theliquids molecules and solvent molecules affect the viscosity of the solution. information regardinginter and intra molecular interactions can be obtained from volumetric, and viscometric data in asolute so...

in this research, different alcohols and phenols are subjected to the reaction with hmds in the presence of ionic liquid and silica-supported catalysts. silylation was accomplished under mild reaction conditions at room temperature in short reaction times and good to excellent yields.

the mixing behavior of the gas-liquid phase in three loop bioreactors was investigated. a gas-induced external airlift loop bioreactor (ealb), a forced-liquid vertical tubular loop bioreactor (vtlb) and a forced-liquid horizontal tubular loop bioreactor (htlb) were used for mixing studies as well as biomass production from natural gas. the effect of design parameters, riser to downcomer cross s...

a direct and an efficient conversion of a wide range of primary, secondary even tertiary alcohols to the corresponding iodides have been achieved under ionic liquid conditions. the method involves preparation of ionic liquid-based iminium chloride intermediate from dmf-like ionic liquid then stirring it with alcohol in present of sodium iodide. the higher yields of alkyl iodides were obtained w...

depending on the moisture contents, the soil behavior is revealed as solid, semisolid, plastic and liquid states. liquid limit is an important property of fine-grained soils and casagrande and cone penetrometer are two different methods employed for the determination of liquid limit of the soil. in forest environment, the casagrande method is the classic method for liquid limit determination, b...

liquid-liquid equilibria for the (water + lactic acid + benzyl alcohol or p-xylene) ternary systems were investigated at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range from 298.15-318.15 k. the studied systems exhibit two types of liquid-liquid equilibrium (lle) behavior. the system consisting of benzyl alcohol displays type-1 lle behavior, while a type-2 behavior is exhibited by the other s...

background and objectives: furfural (f) and hydroxymethyl furfural (hmf) are cyclic aldehydes, which are formed during the heat processing of foods. these chemical contaminants have received much attention due to their suspected health hazards and heat damage indicators. the aim of the present study was extraction and determination of f and hmf in baby-foods using dispersive liquid-liquid micro...

the kinetics of the potassium thiocyanate transport mediated by dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (l) through a bulk liquid membrane is studied experimentally and theoretically. the proposed model is based on the assumption of a pure diffusion of the complex salt [k·l]+scn¯ through the liquid membrane stagnant films at the interfaces. it illustrates the connection between liquid-liquid extraction equilib...

date syrup, date concentrate and date liquid sugar are among the products which are produced from low quality dates in date processing plants. the aim of this research was to investigate chemical characteristics and sensory properties of date syrup, date concentrate and date liquid sugar in comparison with sugar (sucrose) solutions and evaluate possible substitution of sucrose with these date b...