Introduction: The position of the sphenopalatine artery is essential for the endoscopic treatment of severe posterior epistaxis. This artery passes through its own foramen, which has a wide range of locations and anatomic relations. Objective: To carry out a descriptive osteological study on the sphenopalatine foramen area. Its anatomy, size, position and relations with turbinates and choanae a...

INTRODUCTION The position of the sphenopalatine artery is essential for the endoscopic treatment of severe posterior epistaxis. This artery passes through its own foramen, which has a wide range of locations and anatomic relations. OBJECTIVE To carry out a descriptive osteological study on the sphenopalatine foramen area. Its anatomy, size, position and relations with turbinates and choanae a...

abstract. natural populations of carpinus orientalis mill. shrub lands occur mainly in high and middle altitudes of the hyrcanian forests, n. iran, particularly on steep rocks and forest outcrops. there are some discrepancies on the intra-specific delimitation of this important woody species. the aim of the current study was to examine the anatomical variation of stems and leaves of sixteen pop...

Introdouction: An exact knowledge of the anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) is critical for surgeons performing endoscopic sinus surgery and for radiologists involved in making preoperative evaluations. An important aspect is the determination of correlation between the anatomical variations of PNS and the presence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CR). Cone-beam computed tomograph...

background & aim: salvia macrosiphon is one of the important species of salvia which belongs to the lamiaceae family. all 58 iranian species of salvia grow in different ecological places. the aim of this research is the investigation of morphological and anatomical characteristics of s.  macrosiphon. experimental: the above–mentioned species were collected from zavarijan and dodangeh regio...