Treatment of domestic waste is generally carried out by activated sludge process. The waste solid sludge can be treated by various aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. Aerobic treatment methods need space and time. Anaerobic treatments have advantages such as space utilization and production of fuel gases such as methane. Up flow anaerobic sludge digester or fluidized bed digester can be ...

Antibiotics are often used to prevent sickness and improve production in animal agriculture, and the residues in animal bodies may enter tannery wastewater during leather production. This study aimed to use Illumina high-throughput sequencing to investigate the occurrence, diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in aerobic and anaerobic s...

The effect of low power ultrasonic radiation on anaerobic biodegradability of sewage sludge was investigated. For this purpose, soluble substances and variation of microbial system of sewage sludge subjected to low power ultrasonic radiation were tested. The well known hydromechanical shear forces and heating effect of low frequency ultrasound plays a major role in the sludge pre treatment proc...

Municipal sewage is the main exposure route for antibiotics that are used in human medical care. Antibiotics that adsorb to the primary sludge and/or sur-plus activated sludge will enter the anaerobic digesters of municipal sewage treatment plants. Here anaerobic biodegradation or inhibition of anaerobic bacteria resulting in a disturbance of the process might occur. ISO standards 13641 (2003) ...

To monitor the granularity of anaerobic sludge, the determination of granule density is vital importance. Granular sludge is the key factor for the efficient operation of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. For this reason several techniques have been proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the granular density was calculated. The granular density was strongly correlated with the VSS/T...

High-frequency ultrasounds have recently gained interest as oxidative technique for sonochemical degradation of organic contaminants in water. In this study an innovative approach applying 200 kHz ultrasounds to improve both sludge anaerobic biodegradability and decontamination is proposed. Digestion tests were performed on batch reactors fed either with untreated or sonicated sludge, at differ...

Category 2 animal by-products that need to be sterilized with steam pressure according Regulation (EC) 1774/2002 are studied. In this work, 2 sets of experiments were performed in mesophilic conditions: (i) biomethane potential determination testing 0.5%, 2.0% and 5.0% total solids (TS), using sludge from the anaerobic digester of a wastewater treatment plant as inoculum; (ii) biodegradability ...

Alternate cycling of sludge in aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic regimes is a promising strategy that can reduce the sludge yield of conventional activated sludge (CAS) by up to 50% with potentially lower capital and operating cost than physical- and/or chemical-based sludge minimisation techniques. The mechanisms responsible for reducing sludge yield include alterations to cellular metabolism and...

The following sludge reduction alternatives were tested in wastewater biological reactors: oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA-process); ultrasonic disintegration (UD); chlorination (CH); 3,3',4',5tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS); and folic acid (FA). Compared to the control system, UD reduced 55% of the sludge production, and greater substrate and nutrient removal efficiency was achieved. CH worsened ...