background: the most common drug abuse among athletes is anabolic steroids which lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases and sudden death. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes of anabolic consumption in body building athletes. materials and methods: totally, 267 male athletes at the range of 20-45 years old with the regular consumption of anabolic stero...

INTRODUCTION Androgenic-anabolic steroids are rarely used by sportsmen who want to improve physical performance in competition sport. Despite that they are well aware of the side effects of anabolic steroids, many young athletes in Bosnia and Herzegovina without competition motivation come in temptation, trying to achieve better muscle proportion and physical performance unknowing consequence o...

this study aimed to assess the prevalence of anabolic steroid usage among high school students in kurdistan state, that cross-sectional design was performed on a sample of 1,006 individuals, who were selected by cluster sampling method. in order to collect data, questionnaire was prepared by researcher and the verified its validity and reliability. the results showed that 79 participates (8%) o...

Anabolic steroid abuse in athletes has been associated with a wide range of adverse conditions, including hypogonadism, testicular atrophy, impaired spermatogenesis, gynaecomastia, and psychiatric disturbance. But what effect does steroid abuse have on the cardiovascular system?

background: androgenic-anabolic steroids (aas) are abused by a growing number of bodybuilders. this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and patterns of aas use by bodybuilders in hamadan, western iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from five gym clubs in two area of hamadan (a total of 10 clubs). twenty-five bodybuilders ...

The term "anabolic steroids" refers to testosterone derivatives that are used either clinically or by athletes for their anabolic properties. However, scientists have questioned the anabolic effects of testosterone and its derivatives in normal men for decades. Most scientists concluded that anabolic steroids do not increase muscle size or strength in people with normal gonadal function and hav...